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psych101 > sleep > Flashcards

sleep Flashcards

1
Q

what is sleep

A
  • altered form of consciousness
  • natural loss of consciousness
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2
Q

features of sleep

A
  • periodic
  • rapidly reversible
  • distinct from coma, hibernation, anesthesia
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3
Q

stages of sleep

A
  • stage 1-3
  • stage 4 (slow wave sleep)
  • REM sleep
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4
Q

EEG of awake state

A
  • alpha and beta waves
  • high frequency: lots of action potentials/active cortex
  • low amplitude: neurons firing out of sync
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5
Q

EEG of stage 1 sleep

A
  • theta activity
  • transition of wakefulness to sleep
  • EMG: muscles still active
  • EOG: gentle eye movements
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6
Q

EEG of stage 2 sleep

A

spindles: emerge transitioning from light sleep to deeper sleep

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7
Q

EEG of stage 3 sleep

A
  • delta activity appears
  • slow wave sleep
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8
Q

EEG of stage 4 sleep

A
  • continuous delta waves
  • slow wave sleep
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9
Q

delta activity

A
  • low frequency: few action potentials
  • high amplitude: neurons firing in sync
  • indicative of quality of sleep and cognitive function next day
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10
Q

EEG of REM sleep

A
  • rapid EEG: brain activity forcing muscles to relax
  • EOG: rapid eye movements
  • EMG: muscles relaxed
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11
Q

characteristics of stage 1 sleep

A
  • eyes open and close
  • person falls asleep
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12
Q

characteristics of stage 2 sleep

A

sleep deeper

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13
Q

characteristics of stage 3 sleep

A
  • sleep even deeper
  • less responsive to stimuli
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14
Q

characteristics of stage 4 sleep

A
  • very deep sleep
  • reached within one hour
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15
Q

characteristics of REM sleep

A
  • irregular heartbeat
  • shallow breathing
  • penile erection or vaginal secretion
  • vivid dreams
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16
Q

characteristics of slow wave sleep

A
  • slow EEG waves
  • lack of muscle paralysis
  • slow or absent eye movements
  • lack of genital activity
  • banal dreams
17
Q

sleep deprivation

A
  • aka total sleep deprivation
  • remove the ability for animal/human to sleep for a given amount of time
18
Q

circadian rhythm

A
  • internal biological clock of 24 hour cycle of day and night
  • body temperature rises and drops- peak during the day
  • altered by age and experience
  • changes in energy level, mood, and efficiency throughout the day
  • controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus
19
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A
  • just above the optic nerve
  • bright morning light activates light-sensitive proteins that trigger the SCN
  • decreased melatonin production in the morning and increased production in the evening (low light)
  • damaged: become “free-running”
20
Q

why do we sleep

A
  • protective role in human evolution
  • conserves energy
  • restore and repair damaged neurons
  • promotes creative problem solving
  • pituitary gland secretes growth hormone for muscle development (deep sleep)
  • promote function of glymphatic system to clear wastes
21
Q

sleep restriction

A

people are allowed to sleep but it is restricted to a specific amount of time

22
Q

insomnia

A

inability to start of maintain sleep over at least three nights

23
Q

sleep apnea

A

cannot sleep and breathe at the same time

24
Q

narcolepsy

A

difficulty maintaining wakefulness

25
Q

cataplexy

A
  • struck by paralysis but conscious
  • triggered by strong emotions
  • enter REM sleep as soon as they fall asleep
  • feature of narcolepsy
26
Q

REM behaviour disorder

A
  • older adult acts out REM dreams
  • strong predictor of future neurodegenerative disorders
27
Q

dream

A
  • altered form of consciousness
  • sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
  • usually dream of ordinary events and everyday experiences, most involving anxiety or misfortune
28
Q

freud’s wish-fulfillment

A
  • satisfaction of a desire
  • dreams have a hidden meaning
  • dreams express otherwise unacceptable feelings
  • critique: dream content is often negative in nature
29
Q

information processing

A
  • dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories
  • critique: sometimes dream of things that we have not experienced or past events
30
Q

psychological function

A
  • regular brain stimulation from REM sleep -> help develop and preserve neural pathways
  • critique: does not explain why we experience meaningful dreams
31
Q

activation-synthesis

A
  • REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random stimuli and memories that sleeping brain weaves into narrative
  • critique: individual’s brain is weaving the story -> still tells us something about the dreamer
32
Q

cognitive development

A
  • dream content reflects dreamers’ level of cognitive development (knowledge and understanding)
  • dreams simulate our lives, including worst-case scenarios
  • critique: doesnot propose adaptive function of our dreams

psych101 (5 decks)

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