SLEEP Flashcards
Part of the brain that is most important in
regulating sleep duration.
Hypothalamus
A neurotransmitter that is produced by specific
groupings of basal forebrain neurons and
hypothalamic neurons.
GABA
2 REGIONS OF THE BRAIN INVOLVED IN SLEEP
Anterior Hypothalamus and Adjacent Basal
Forebrain: promote sleep.
2. Posterior Hypothalamus and Adjacent
Midbrain: promote wakefulness.
A test that uses tiny metal discs (called
electrodes) affixed to the scalp to monitor the
electrical activity in the brain. This activity
appears on the EEG recording as wavy lines.
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)
The majority of dreams occur during
REM sleep
Three sleep stages — Stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 are what kind of sleep
NREM sleep
Breathing, eye movements, brain waves, and
heart rate start to slow down.
- Decrease in motor movements.
- Hypnic jerks (twitching of the muscles) may
occur.
- Hypnagogic Hallucinations: example is the
feeling like you’re falling, when you’re out allday swimming.
- Brain waves called theta waves.
STAGE 1 (NREM)
Breathing, heart rate, muscular contractions,
and eye movements all continue to slow down.
- Drop in temperature.
- Almost 50% of your time is spent in stage 2
sleep.
- 2 Brain activities happen during this stage.
1. K-Complex
Sleep theory or memory consolidation (some
memories are transferred to long term memory)
2. Sleep Spindles
- A burst of rapid brain activity
- Ability to sleep in loud noises.
- Have a frequency of approximately 7-15 Hertz
(Hz).
STAGE 2 (NREM)
- your breathing, heart rate, muscular
contractions, and brain waves are at their
lowest. - Deep sleep is another name for this stage.
- Sleepwalking and sleep talking happens here.
- Brain waves called Delta waves.
STAGE 3 (NREM)
Eyes move during this stage
- Most dream occur here.
- Paradoxical sleep
- Brain seems active but the body is paralyzed.
STAGE 4 (REM)
24- hour biological clock.
- Every kind of living thing has a circadian cycle.
- They prevent nocturnal animals from leaving
their shelter to avoid predators.
- They assist flowers in opening and closing at
appropriate times.
Circadian Rhythm
produces hormone melatonin,
which induces sleep when darkness falls.
Pineal gland
Disturbances in circadian rhythm may have a
role in the development of
Obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA).
Sleep disease characterized by recurrent
breathing pauses.
- Lowers oxygen levels in the body and disrupts
sleep multiple times during the night.
Obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA).
when someone travels quickly
across several time zones.
Jet Lag Disorder
Shift with disorder
work related duties.
ROLE OF DREAMS
- Consolidate memories
- Process emotions
- Express deep desires
- Practice confronting potential dangers
Includes images, thoughts, and emotions that
are experienced during sleep.
- According to Biological psychologists: are merely a byproduct of the brain’s activity when we sleep and have no real significance.
Sigmund Freud’s theory: represent unconscious desires, thoughts, wish fulfillment,
and motivations.
dreams
Proposed by J. Allan Hobson and Robert
McCarley
- Dreams are compilation of randomness that
appear to the sleeping mind and are brought
together in a meaningful way when we wake.
ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS MODEL OF DREAMING
Hypothesizes that both conscious and
nonconscious subsidiary systems of working
memory have to be continually activated to
maintain proper brain functioning.
CONTINUAL-ACTIVATION THEORY
Plays a critical role in regulating gene expression
in the context of memory storage.
Epigenome
Necessary for the maintenance of synaptic
strength and synaptic plasticity.
- Cognitive functions (memory and learning) are
also impacted by sleep deprivation.
Sleep
(disruptive sleep disorders) such
as night terrors, sleep paralysis, and
sleepwalking.
Parasomnias
Brain waves are detected and recorded by this
test.
ELECTROCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)
