SLEEP

Question 1

Part of the brain that is most important in
regulating sleep duration.

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

A neurotransmitter that is produced by specific
groupings of basal forebrain neurons and
hypothalamic neurons.

Answer 2

GABA

Question 3

2 REGIONS OF THE BRAIN INVOLVED IN SLEEP

Answer 3

Anterior Hypothalamus and Adjacent Basal
Forebrain: promote sleep.
2. Posterior Hypothalamus and Adjacent
Midbrain: promote wakefulness.

Question 4

A test that uses tiny metal discs (called
electrodes) affixed to the scalp to monitor the
electrical activity in the brain. This activity
appears on the EEG recording as wavy lines.

Answer 4

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)

Question 5

The majority of dreams occur during

Answer 5

REM sleep

Question 6

Three sleep stages — Stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 are what kind of sleep

Answer 6

NREM sleep

Question 7

Breathing, eye movements, brain waves, and
heart rate start to slow down.
- Decrease in motor movements.
- Hypnic jerks (twitching of the muscles) may
occur.
- Hypnagogic Hallucinations: example is the
feeling like you’re falling, when you’re out allday swimming.
- Brain waves called theta waves.

Answer 7

STAGE 1 (NREM)

Question 8

Breathing, heart rate, muscular contractions,
and eye movements all continue to slow down.
- Drop in temperature.
- Almost 50% of your time is spent in stage 2
sleep.
- 2 Brain activities happen during this stage.
1. K-Complex
Sleep theory or memory consolidation (some
memories are transferred to long term memory)
2. Sleep Spindles
- A burst of rapid brain activity
- Ability to sleep in loud noises.
- Have a frequency of approximately 7-15 Hertz
(Hz).

Answer 8

STAGE 2 (NREM)

Question 9

• your breathing, heart rate, muscular
  contractions, and brain waves are at their
  lowest.
• Deep sleep is another name for this stage.
• Sleepwalking and sleep talking happens here.
• Brain waves called Delta waves.

Answer 9

STAGE 3 (NREM)

Question 10

Eyes move during this stage
- Most dream occur here.
- Paradoxical sleep
- Brain seems active but the body is paralyzed.

Answer 10

STAGE 4 (REM)

Question 11

24- hour biological clock.
- Every kind of living thing has a circadian cycle.
- They prevent nocturnal animals from leaving
their shelter to avoid predators.
- They assist flowers in opening and closing at
appropriate times.

Answer 11

Circadian Rhythm

Question 12

produces hormone melatonin,
which induces sleep when darkness falls.

Answer 12

Pineal gland

Question 13

Disturbances in circadian rhythm may have a
role in the development of

Answer 13

Obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA).

Question 14

Sleep disease characterized by recurrent
breathing pauses.
- Lowers oxygen levels in the body and disrupts
sleep multiple times during the night.

Answer 14

Obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA).

Question 15

when someone travels quickly
across several time zones.

Answer 15

Jet Lag Disorder

Question 16

Shift with disorder

Answer 16

work related duties.

Question 17

ROLE OF DREAMS

Answer 17

1. Consolidate memories
2. Process emotions
3. Express deep desires
4. Practice confronting potential dangers

Question 18

Includes images, thoughts, and emotions that
are experienced during sleep.
- According to Biological psychologists: are merely a byproduct of the brain’s activity when we sleep and have no real significance.
Sigmund Freud’s theory: represent unconscious desires, thoughts, wish fulfillment,
and motivations.

Answer 18

dreams

Question 19

Proposed by J. Allan Hobson and Robert
McCarley
- Dreams are compilation of randomness that
appear to the sleeping mind and are brought
together in a meaningful way when we wake.

Answer 19

ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS MODEL OF DREAMING

Question 20

Hypothesizes that both conscious and
nonconscious subsidiary systems of working
memory have to be continually activated to
maintain proper brain functioning.

Answer 20

CONTINUAL-ACTIVATION THEORY

Question 21

Plays a critical role in regulating gene expression
in the context of memory storage.

Answer 21

Epigenome

Question 22

Necessary for the maintenance of synaptic
strength and synaptic plasticity.
- Cognitive functions (memory and learning) are
also impacted by sleep deprivation.

Answer 22

Sleep

Question 23

(disruptive sleep disorders) such
as night terrors, sleep paralysis, and
sleepwalking.

Answer 23

Parasomnias

Question 24

Brain waves are detected and recorded by this
test.

Answer 24

ELECTROCEPHALOGRAM (EEG)

Question 25

Wearing a watch like gadget that monitors sleep
patterns is part of this test to see whether you
could have a different sleep cycle than usual.

Answer 25

Actigraphy

Question 26

This test determines if a person has a tendency
to sleep during the day. Its frequency is crucial
to the narcolepsy diagnosis.

Answer 26

MULTIPLE SLEEP LATENCY TEST (MSLT)