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BioPsy > Internal Regulation > Flashcards

Internal Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Self-regulating process by which living
organisms can maintain internal stability while
adjusting to changing external conditions.
- Receptor, effector and control center

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

Homeostatic process that maintains a steady
internal body temperature despite changes in
external conditions.
- Maintaining a body temperature within a tight
range (36.5-37.5)
It allows for the enzymes and immune
responses of the body to maintain proper
functionality.

A

Thermoregulation

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3
Q

All the temperature mechanisms continually attempt to bring the body temperature back to
this set point.

A

Set Point

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4
Q

Defined as the process of maintaining
homeostasis through the adaptive change of
the organism’s internal environment to meet
perceived and anticipated demands.

A

Allostasis

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5
Q

A way to maintain our body’s constant
temperature while at rest.

A

Basal Metabolism

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6
Q

Associated with this maintaining regulation as it
is the amount of energy expressed in calories
that is needed for a person to keep the body
function at rest.

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

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7
Q

Maintaining a body’s temperature is essential
for surviving.
- A body can regulate through the process of
adding internal energy use such as adding heat,
convection, conduction, radiation, and
evaporation.

A

Controllinf Temperature

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8
Q

Also known as “cold-blooded” organisms.
- Lacks the internal, physiological mechanism of
temperature regulation.
- only accomplished via choosing locations in the
environment meaning that the body
temperature matches that of the environment.
- They try to change their environment to
regulate their temperature.

A

Poikilothermic

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9
Q

Also known as “warm blooded” animals.
- They use their internal physiological
mechanisms to maintain their body
temperature.
- The process of maintaining their temperature or
regulating it is through shivering (decreasing
blood flow to the skin) and fluffing of fur to
increase insulation.
- Mostly mammals and birds

A

Homeothermic

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10
Q

Normal temperature of the human body is

A

37 Celsius or 98.6 Fahrenheit.

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11
Q

human body’s core temperature
is lower than 35 Celsius or 90 Fahrenheit

A

Hypothermia

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12
Q

also known as goosebumps also
occurs, leading to heat trapping.

A

Philoerection

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13
Q

when dehydrated cells are caused by freezing of extracellular water in the body.

A

frostbite

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14
Q

heat stroke (temperature about
105 F

A

Hyperthermia

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15
Q

Our body temperature regulation is
predominantly dependent upon this area.

A

Preoptic Area/Anterior Hypothalamus

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16
Q

The human body’s thermostat.
- Sets the body’s set point and regulates
temperature homeostasis.

A

HYPOTHALAMIC THERMOREGULATORY CENTER

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17
Q

it delivers prostaglandins and histamines and
that increase in metabolism and fever

A

Immune System

18
Q

Cocaine, Methamphetamine, and MDMA
(ecstasy) affects the body temperature by
increasing its basal metabolism and limits the
heat loss of the body through .

A

vasoconstriction

19
Q

Due to the increase in body’s temperature set
point. Or body’s immune system triggers an
increase in prostaglandins which leads to
increases in inflammation and temperature.

A

Fever

20
Q

Are cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors that reduces the production of prostaglandins in the
immune system of the body.

A

ACETAMINOPHEN AND IBUPROFEN

21
Q

Water can be conserved by

A

A. excreting concentrated urine
B. decreasing sweat

Most often, water regulation is accomplished by
drinking more water than we need and excreting the rest.

22
Q

hormone released by posterior pituitary.
- Raises blood pressure by constricting blood
vessels called Vasal Constriction.
- Also known as an antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Enable the kidneys to reabsorb water and
excrete highly concentrated urine.

A

Vasopressin

23
Q

Two diff. Kinds of thirst

A
  1. Osmotic thirst: results from eating salty foods.
  2. Hypovolemic thirst: a thirst resulting from loss
    of fluid due to bleeding or sweating.
24
Q

Water flows across a semi-permeable
membrane from an area of low solute
concentration to an area of high solute
concentration.
- Occurs when solutes are more concentrated on
one side of the membrane.

A

Osmotic Pressure

25
Q

Detects osmotic pressure and sodium content of the
blood.

A

OVLT (Organum Vasculosum Laminae
Terminalis) and the Subfornical organ

26
Q

PARTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A
  • Mouth
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small and large intestines
  • Rectum
27
Q

Digest protein, fats and carbohydrates.

A

Small intestines

28
Q

absorbs water and minerals

A

Large intestines

29
Q

Act of swelling and becoming large by pressure
from inside.

A

Distention

30
Q

delivers information to the brain about the
expansion or stretching of the stomach walls.

A

Vagus nerve

31
Q

conveys information about the nutrients found
in the stomach.

A

Splanchnic nerve

32
Q

A part of the small intestine that is a site of
initial absorption of significant amounts of
nutrients.
- Releases the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)
which helps regulate hunger.

A

Duodenum

33
Q

Part of hypothalamus whereas information from
all parts of the body regarding hunger impinge
into.
- 2 sets of neurons:
1. neurons sensitive to hunger signals
2. neurons sensitive to satiety signals

A

Arcuate nucleus

34
Q

hormone produced by the stomach and is also a
neurotransmitter released in the brain that acts
on the hypothalamus to increase appetite.

A

Ghrelin

35
Q

Simulates satiety neurons in the arcuate
nucleus.

A

Nicotine

36
Q

causes a severe and strong fear of gaining
weight.

A

Anorexia nervosa

37
Q

Characterized by uncontrolled episodes of
overeating, called bingeing. This is followed by
purging with methods such as vomiting or
misuse of laxatives.

A

Bulimia Nervosa

38
Q

2 ways people with Bulimia restrict calories:

A
  1. Purging type: the person engages self-induced
    vomiting or misuse of laxatives or any other
    medicines that clear the intestines.
  2. Non-purging type: the person uses other
    behaviors such as fasting or excessive exercise,
    rather than purging behaviors.
39
Q

People with this disorder often consume an
excessive amount of food and may not make
nutritious food choices.

A

Binge Eating disorders

40
Q

Eating things that are not considered food and
food do not provide nutritional value.

A

Pica

41
Q

Regurgitates food they have previously chewed
and swallowed, re chews it, and then either reswallows it or spits it out.

A

Runination Disorder

42
Q

Old terms were “feeding disorder of infancy and
early childhood”.
- Disturbed eating due to either lack of interest in
eating or a distaste for certain smells, tastes,
colors, textures, or temperatures.

A

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

BioPsy (6 decks)

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