Reproductive/Emotional

Question 1

Produce both estrogen and androgen

Answer 1

Adrenal glands

Question 2

They are produced by the adrenal glands and
gonads (testes and ovaries) which sex hormones
and adrenal glands hormones.
- Examples are testosterone, estrogen,
progesterone, androgens, and cortisol.

Answer 2

Steroid hormones

Question 3

most prominent type of estrogen

Answer 3

Estradiol

Question 4

another predominant female hormone,
prepares the uterus from implantation for a
fertilized ovum and promotes the maintenance
of pregnancy.

Answer 4

Progesterone

Question 5

hormones that are more abundant in males
include testosterone and several others, as
“male hormones”.

Answer 5

Androgen

Question 6

duct from the testis into the penis.

Answer 6

Vas deferens

Question 7

an early period when hormones have longlasting effects.
- The human ________ for genital
formation is about third and fourth months of
pregnancy.

Answer 7

sensitive period

Question 8

Contributes to aggressive and sexual behavior
as well as feeding.

Answer 8

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 9

It binds with estrogen and blocks it from leaving
the bloodstream and entering the cells that are
developing in this early period.
- Testosterone does not bind to .

Answer 9

alpha fetoprotein

Question 10

Can occur at any time in life, when a hormone temporarily activates a particular response.

Answer 10

Activating effects

Question 11

stimulates contracting of the uterus during the
delivery of the baby and it stimulates the
mammary gland to release milk.
- sexual pleasure also releases oxytocin,
especially at orgasm.

Answer 11

Oxytocin

Question 12

stimulate mostly
dopamine when facilitating the erection of the
penis in the male and sexually receptive
posture in the female.

Answer 12

D1 and D5 receptors

Question 13

dopamine stimulates type __
which leads to orgasm.

Answer 13

D2 receptors

Question 14

Removal of the testes, generally decreases
males’ sexual interest and activity.

Answer 14

Castration

Question 15

The inability to have an erection

Answer 15

Impotence

Question 16

can help sexual offenders reduce their sexual
impulsiveness.

Answer 16

Anti androgen drugs

Question 17

increase serotonin activity and other of their
side effect is decreased sexual arousal

Answer 17

Anti depressant drugs

Question 18

produced when the women’s hypothalamus and
pituitary interact with ovaries.
- periodic variation in hormones and fertility over
the course of about 28 days.

Answer 18

Menstrual cycle

Question 19

the anterior pituitary releases it after the end of
the menstrual period, promotes the growth of
follicles in the ovary.

Answer 19

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 20

small, fluid-filled sacs in your ovaries that each
contain an unfertilized egg.

Answer 20

Ovarian follicles

Question 21

a chemical in your body that triggers important
processes in your reproductive system.
- LH and FSH combine to cause the follicle to
release an ovum (egg cell).

Answer 21

Luteinizing hormone

Question 22

The remnant of the follicle releases the
hormone progesterone.

Answer 22

Corpus luteum

Question 23

prevent pregnancy by interfering with the usual
feedback cycle between the ovaries and the
pituitary

Answer 23

Birth control pills

Question 24

Most widely used birth control pill

Answer 24

Combination pill

Question 25

genes that androgens or estrogens activate. It controls most of the differences you see between males and females.

Answer 25

Sex limited genes

Question 26

True or False Women tend to be better than men in recognizing facial expressions of emotions

Answer 26

True

Question 27

after deliberation has an increased secretion of oxytocin and _____ which helps in the production of milk

Answer 27

prolactin

Question 28

Prolactin inhibits sensitivity to ___ which increases the food intake of the mother.

Answer 28

leptin

Question 29

Another key hormone is which is important for social behavior partly to assist olfactory recognition of other individuals.

Answer 29

vasopressin

Question 30

activity of the left hemisphere, especially its frontal and temporal lobes. • marked by low to moderate autonomic arousal and a tendency to approach, which could characterize happiness or anger

Answer 30

Behavioral Activation Sytem

Question 31

activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the right hemisphere. • increases attention and arousal, inhibits action, and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust.

Answer 31

Behavioral Inhibition System

Question 32

Moral Dillemas

Answer 32

The trolley dilemma - The footbridge dilemma - The lifeboat dilemma - The hospital dilemma

Question 33

Sympathetic nervous system (attack and escape/ fight or flight response) - Activity builds up in the corticomedial area of the amygdala.

Answer 33

Attack behavior

Question 34

enzymes that breaks down some of the neurons, preventing possible accumulation of an excessive amount.

Answer 34

Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA)

Question 35

facilitates aggressive, assertive, dominant behavior

Answer 35

Testosterone

Question 36

inhibit impulsive behaviors.

Answer 36

Serotonin

Question 37

inhibits aggression - leads to cautious behavior that conserves energy. - anxiety increases _____ level; anger decreases it.

Answer 37

cortisol

Question 38

secrets cortisol during periods of stress and anxiety

Answer 38

Adrenal gland

Question 39

(newborn) arching the back, extending arms and legs, crying.

Answer 39

Moro reflex

Question 40

protozoan that infects many mammals but reproduces only in cats

Answer 40

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 41

it is a set of axons connecting its bed nucleus to the amygdala.

Answer 41

Stria Terminalis

Question 42

An effective way to cope by reinterpreting a situation as less threatening.

Answer 42

Reappraisal

Question 43

from Hermes and Aphrodite in Greek mythology. - Has an anatomy intermediate between male and female or shows a mixture of male and female anatomies

Answer 43

Hermaphrodite

Question 44

The most common cause of hermaphrodite - meaning overdevelopment of the adrenal glands from birth

Answer 44

Conginetal Adrenal Hyperplasia CAH

Question 45

a condition that occurs in various degrees resulting in anatomy that ranges from a smaller￾than-average penis to genitals like those of a typical female.

Answer 45

TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION OR ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY

Question 46

Psychologists generally agree emotion has components including:

Answer 46

Cognitions (“This is a dangerous situation”) 2. Feelings (“I feel frightened) 3. Actions (“Run away now) 4. Physiological changes (increased heart rate and breathing)

Question 47

BRANCHES OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 47

A. Sympathetic Stimulates certain organs (such as heart), while inhibiting others (such as the stomach and intestines) B. Parasympathetic Increases digestion and other processes that save energy and prepare from later events

Question 48

It states that physiological arousal and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously, rather than emotion being the result of physiological arousal. Therefore, emotion and physiological arousal are seen as separate and independent. - External Stimulus and Cognitive Processes —— Arousal and Action —— Emotion

Answer 48

CANNON-BARD THEORY (1945) - Walter Cannon (1945)

Question 49

According to this theory the autonomic arousal and skeletal actions comes first. It proposes that emotions are results of psychological arousal. You feel afraid because you ran away, and you feel angry because you attack. - External—Arousal and Action— interpretation of arousal and Action—Emotion

Answer 49

James Lange Theory

Question 50

Characterized by frequent periods of anxiety and extreme arousal of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 50

Panic Disorder

Question 51

Popularized the concept of stress, defining it as the nonspecific response the body to any demand made upon it.

Answer 51

Hand Selye 1979

Question 52

: which Selye inferred as a general response to stress is due mainly to activity of the adrenal glands.

Answer 52

Generalized Adaptation Syndrome

Question 53

3 STAGES OF GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME

Answer 53

Alarm Resistance Exhaustion

Question 54

The initial stage - The adrenal glands release the hormone epinephrine which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system to ready the body to brief emergency activity

Answer 54

Alarm

Question 55

the sympathetic response declines, but the adrenal glands continue secreting cortisol and other hormones that enable the body to maintain prolonged alertness.

Answer 55

Resistance

Question 56

During this stage, the individual is tired, inactive, and vulnerable because the nervous and immune systems no longer have the energy to sustain their responses.

Answer 56

Exhaustion

Question 57

STRESS ACTIVATES WHICH 2 BODY SYSTEMS?

Answer 57

a) Sympathetic nervous system b) HPA axis

Question 58

Activation of the human hypothalamus induces the anterior pituitary gland to secrete this hormone

Answer 58

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

Question 59

secretes antibodies and is able to recognize “self” antigens but they attack unfamiliar antigens.

Answer 59

B Cells

Question 60

attack intruders directly without secreting antibodies and help some other T or B cells to multiply.

Answer 60

T cells

Question 61

attacks tumor cells and cells that are infected with viruses.

Answer 61

Natural Killer Cells

Question 62

leukocytes and other cells produce these small proteins in response to an infection.

Answer 62

Cytokines

Question 63

released when cytokines stimulate the vagus nerve and triggers a release.

Answer 63

Prostaglandins