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BioPsy > Reproductive/Emotional > Flashcards

Reproductive/Emotional Flashcards

1
Q

Produce both estrogen and androgen

A

Adrenal glands

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2
Q

They are produced by the adrenal glands and
gonads (testes and ovaries) which sex hormones
and adrenal glands hormones.
- Examples are testosterone, estrogen,
progesterone, androgens, and cortisol.

A

Steroid hormones

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3
Q

most prominent type of estrogen

A

Estradiol

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4
Q

another predominant female hormone,
prepares the uterus from implantation for a
fertilized ovum and promotes the maintenance
of pregnancy.

A

Progesterone

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5
Q

hormones that are more abundant in males
include testosterone and several others, as
“male hormones”.

A

Androgen

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6
Q

duct from the testis into the penis.

A

Vas deferens

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7
Q

an early period when hormones have longlasting effects.
- The human ________ for genital
formation is about third and fourth months of
pregnancy.

A

sensitive period

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8
Q

Contributes to aggressive and sexual behavior
as well as feeding.

A

Ventromedial hypothalamus

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9
Q

It binds with estrogen and blocks it from leaving
the bloodstream and entering the cells that are
developing in this early period.
- Testosterone does not bind to .

A

alpha fetoprotein

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10
Q

Can occur at any time in life, when a hormone temporarily activates a particular response.

A

Activating effects

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11
Q

stimulates contracting of the uterus during the
delivery of the baby and it stimulates the
mammary gland to release milk.
- sexual pleasure also releases oxytocin,
especially at orgasm.

A

Oxytocin

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12
Q

stimulate mostly
dopamine when facilitating the erection of the
penis in the male and sexually receptive
posture in the female.

A

D1 and D5 receptors

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13
Q

dopamine stimulates type __
which leads to orgasm.

A

D2 receptors

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14
Q

Removal of the testes, generally decreases
males’ sexual interest and activity.

A

Castration

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15
Q

The inability to have an erection

A

Impotence

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16
Q

can help sexual offenders reduce their sexual
impulsiveness.

A

Anti androgen drugs

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17
Q

increase serotonin activity and other of their
side effect is decreased sexual arousal

A

Anti depressant drugs

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18
Q

produced when the women’s hypothalamus and
pituitary interact with ovaries.
- periodic variation in hormones and fertility over
the course of about 28 days.

A

Menstrual cycle

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19
Q

the anterior pituitary releases it after the end of
the menstrual period, promotes the growth of
follicles in the ovary.

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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20
Q

small, fluid-filled sacs in your ovaries that each
contain an unfertilized egg.

A

Ovarian follicles

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21
Q

a chemical in your body that triggers important
processes in your reproductive system.
- LH and FSH combine to cause the follicle to
release an ovum (egg cell).

A

Luteinizing hormone

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22
Q

The remnant of the follicle releases the
hormone progesterone.

A

Corpus luteum

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23
Q

prevent pregnancy by interfering with the usual
feedback cycle between the ovaries and the
pituitary

A

Birth control pills

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24
Q

Most widely used birth control pill

A

Combination pill

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25
Q

genes that androgens or estrogens activate. It
controls most of the differences you see
between males and females.

A

Sex limited genes

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26
Q

True or False
Women tend to be better than men in recognizing facial expressions of emotions

A

True

27
Q

after deliberation has an increased secretion of
oxytocin and _____ which helps in the
production of milk

A

prolactin

28
Q

Prolactin inhibits sensitivity to ___ which increases the food intake of the mother.

A

leptin

29
Q

Another key hormone is

which is
important for social behavior partly to assist
olfactory recognition of other individuals.

A

vasopressin

30
Q

activity of the left hemisphere, especially its
frontal and temporal lobes.
• marked by low to moderate autonomic arousal
and a tendency to approach, which could
characterize happiness or anger

A

Behavioral Activation Sytem

31
Q

activity of the frontal and temporal lobes of the
right hemisphere.
• increases attention and arousal, inhibits action,
and stimulates emotions such as fear and
disgust.

A

Behavioral Inhibition System

32
Q

Moral Dillemas

A

The trolley dilemma
- The footbridge dilemma
- The lifeboat dilemma
- The hospital dilemma

33
Q

Sympathetic nervous system (attack and
escape/ fight or flight response)
- Activity builds up in the corticomedial area of
the amygdala.

A

Attack behavior

34
Q

enzymes that breaks down some of the
neurons, preventing possible accumulation of
an excessive amount.

A

Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA)

35
Q

facilitates aggressive, assertive, dominant
behavior

A

Testosterone

36
Q

inhibit impulsive behaviors.

A

Serotonin

37
Q

inhibits aggression
- leads to cautious behavior that conserves
energy.
- anxiety increases _____ level; anger
decreases it.

A

cortisol

38
Q

secrets cortisol during periods of stress and
anxiety

A

Adrenal gland

39
Q

(newborn) arching the back, extending arms
and legs, crying.

A

Moro reflex

40
Q

protozoan that infects many mammals but
reproduces only in cats

A

Toxoplasma gondii

41
Q

it is a set of axons connecting its bed nucleus to
the amygdala.

A

Stria Terminalis

42
Q

An effective way to cope by reinterpreting a
situation as less threatening.

A

Reappraisal

43
Q

from Hermes and Aphrodite in Greek
mythology.
- Has an anatomy intermediate between male
and female or shows a mixture of male and
female anatomies

A

Hermaphrodite

44
Q

The most common cause of hermaphrodite
- meaning overdevelopment of the adrenal
glands from birth

A

Conginetal Adrenal Hyperplasia CAH

45
Q

a condition that occurs in various degrees
resulting in anatomy that ranges from a smallerthan-average penis to genitals like those of a
typical female.

A

TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION OR ANDROGEN
INSENSITIVITY

46
Q

Psychologists generally agree emotion has components
including:

A

Cognitions (“This is a dangerous situation”)
2. Feelings (“I feel frightened)
3. Actions (“Run away now)
4. Physiological changes (increased heart rate and
breathing)

47
Q

BRANCHES OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

A. Sympathetic
Stimulates certain organs (such as heart), while
inhibiting others (such as the stomach and
intestines)
B. Parasympathetic
Increases digestion and other processes that
save energy and prepare from later events

48
Q

It states that physiological arousal and the
experience of emotion occur simultaneously,
rather than emotion being the result of
physiological arousal. Therefore, emotion and
physiological arousal are seen as separate and
independent.
- External Stimulus and Cognitive Processes ——
Arousal and Action —— Emotion

A

CANNON-BARD THEORY (1945)
- Walter Cannon (1945)

49
Q

According to this theory the autonomic arousal
and skeletal actions comes first. It proposes that
emotions are results of psychological arousal.
You feel afraid because you ran away, and you
feel angry because you attack.
- External—Arousal and Action— interpretation
of arousal and Action—Emotion

A

James Lange Theory

50
Q

Characterized by frequent periods of anxiety
and extreme arousal of the sympathetic
nervous system

A

Panic Disorder

51
Q

Popularized the concept of stress, defining it as
the nonspecific response the body to any
demand made upon it.

A

Hand Selye 1979

52
Q

: which Selye
inferred as a general response to stress is due
mainly to activity of the adrenal glands.

A

Generalized Adaptation Syndrome

53
Q

3 STAGES OF GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME

A

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

54
Q

The initial stage
- The adrenal glands release the hormone
epinephrine which stimulates the sympathetic
nervous system to ready the body to brief
emergency activity

A

Alarm

55
Q

the sympathetic response declines, but the
adrenal glands continue secreting cortisol and
other hormones that enable the body to
maintain prolonged alertness.

A

Resistance

56
Q

During this stage, the individual is tired,
inactive, and vulnerable because the nervous
and immune systems no longer have the energy
to sustain their responses.

A

Exhaustion

57
Q

STRESS ACTIVATES WHICH 2 BODY SYSTEMS?

A

a) Sympathetic nervous system
b) HPA axis

58
Q

Activation of the human hypothalamus induces
the anterior pituitary gland to secrete this
hormone

A

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

59
Q

secretes antibodies and is able to
recognize “self” antigens but they attack
unfamiliar antigens.

A

B Cells

60
Q

attack intruders directly without
secreting antibodies and help some other T or B
cells to multiply.

A

T cells

61
Q

attacks tumor cells and cells
that are infected with viruses.

A

Natural Killer Cells

62
Q

leukocytes and other cells produce
these small proteins in response to an infection.

A

Cytokines

63
Q

released when cytokines
stimulate the vagus nerve and triggers a
release.

A

Prostaglandins

BioPsy (6 decks)

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