sleep Flashcards
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Sleep
1. Sleep is an active multiphase process divided into rapid eye movement (REM) and non–rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, each of which has its own series of stages. While asleep, an individual progresses through REM and non-REM (slow wave) sleep in a predictable cycle.
2
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- REM sleep is controlled by mechanisms in the pons and mesencephalon. Non-REM sleep is controlled by release of inhibitory signals from the hypothalamus and accounts for 75 to 80% of sleep time.
3
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- The sleep patterns of infants, young children, and older adults vary in total sleep time, cycle length, and percentage of time spent in each sleep cycle. Older adults experience a decrease in total sleep time.
4
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- Sleep disorders include (a) dyssomnias (disorders of initiating sleep [i.e., insomnia, sleep- disordered breathing, hypersomnia, or disorders of the sleep–wake schedule]) and (b) parasomnias (i.e., sleepwalking or night terrors and restless legs syndrome).
5
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- The restorative, reparative, and growth processes occur during slow-wave (non-REM) sleep. Sleep deprivation can cause profound changes in personality and functioning.
