Sleep Flashcards
NREM sleep stands for
non-rapid-eye-movement sleep
REM sleep stands for
rapid-eye-movement sleep
a cycle of NREM sleep typically lasts for
70 to 90 minutes
Approx, how much time of our sleep is spent in NREM sleep?
80 percent
True or False:
The second half of a night’s sleep typically has more NREM sleep then the first half of a night’s sleep
False
NREM sleep is a key time for the body to
recover, repair body tissue, remove waste products, and replenish neurotransmitters
4 types of waves in regards to brain wave activity
- beta
- alpha
- theta
- delta
Beta waves are
- high frequency, low amp
- present when one is awake and alert
delta waves are
- very high in amplitude, very low in frequency
- are present during a deep sleep just before REM sleep
NREM stage 1 consists of
- drowsy
- decrease in alpha waves, rare appearances of theta waves
- Body temp, heart rate, respiration and muscle tension all begin to decrease
- lasts 5 - 10 minutes
- possible rolling eye movements
a characteristic that is ONLY found in NREM stage 1 is
the hypnic jerk
a hypnic jerk is a result of
our muscles relaxing, where we sometimes experience a jerking sensation where our body seems to go into a spasm
NREM stage 2 consists of
- the point where someone is truly asleep (still a light sleep however)
- last for 10 - 20 mins
- heart rate, body temp, blood pressure continue dropping
- breathing becomes more regular
- mainly theta waves
- no eye movements
2 characteristics that are ONLY found in NREM stage 2 are
sleep spindles and the k-complex
a sleep spindle in NREM stage 2 is
a brief burst of higher frequency brain wave activity, they last for about 1 second and are an indication that the person is asleep
a k complex in NREM stage 2 is
a short burst of low frequency and slightly higher amp waves in response to arousing stimuli
True or false:
NREM sleep stage 2 is still considered light sleep
True
NREM stage 3 consists of
-last for about 10 minutes
-heart rate, body temp, blood pressure continue to drop
-breathing continues to be slow and steady
-delta waves begin to appear
-EMG shows medium or low amplitude
-delta waves are recorded between 20% -50%
start of the deepest period of sleep
the presence of delta waves marks the beginning of
SWS or slow wave sleep
SWS usually occurs within
an hour of falling asleep
NREM stage 4 consists of
- deepest stage of sleep
- muscles are completely relaxed and barely any movement
- in first cycle of sleep, stage 4 may last up to 20 mins but gets shorter throughout the following stages
- more than 50% delta waves
special characteristic that occurs only during NREM stage 4 is
sleep inertia or “sleep drunkness”
Sleep inertia is
when one is woken from stage 4 NREM sleep and may take up to 10 mins to orient themselves and usually have poor memory of sleep events
sleepwalking, sleep talking and night terrors only occur in which stages of sleep
NREM 3 and 4
True or False:
bedwetting is more likely to occur in NREM stage 4 than any other stage of sleep
True
the progression of NREM sleep from stages 1 to 4 takes about
45 to 60 mins
REM sleep is
a period of rapid-eye movement sleep during which the eyeballs rapidly move beneath closed eyelids, darting back and forth and up and down in jerky movements
REM sleep consists of
- heart rate is faster and more irregular
- beta waves are present
- deep sleep as people are difficult to wake
- blood pressure rises, breathing is more irregular
- apart from occasional twitches, skeletal muscles are limp
characteristic of REM sleep is that it is commonly referred to as a
paradoxical sleep
the term paradoxical sleep refers to
the brain and body being active internally, while externally the body appears calm and inactive
a theory for the purpose of paradoxical sleep
to prevent us from acting out our dreams
what stage of sleep does most dreaming occur in
REM sleep
dreams that occur in NREM sleep are
less frequent, less memorable, less vivid and less fragmented
are the eye movements of an individual related to the content of their dreams?
it has been found that there is no relation
sleep can be described as
a regularly occurring ASC that typically occurs spontaneously and is primarily characterised by a loss of conscious awareness
what is polysomnography
it is an intensive study of a sleeping person involving simultaneous monitoring and recording of various physiological responses of the sleeper during the course of the night
What is an electromyograph or EMG
it is a device used to detect, amplify and record the electrical activity of muscles
EMG recordings generally show
the strength of electrical activity occurring in the muscles
the strength of electrical activity occurring in the muscles indicate
changes in muscle activity (movement) and muscle tone (tension)
EMG’s are used to determine sleeping patters and stages because
there are identifiable changes in muscular activity during the course of a typical night’s sleep
what is an electro-ocular graph or EOG?
it is a device for measuring eye movements and eye positions be detecting, amplifying and recording electrical activity in eye muscles that control eye movement
EOG is used to measure
changes in eye movements over the different stages of sleep, and in particular, to differentiate between NREM sleep and REM sleep
True or false:
both heart rate and core body temp gradually rise as we progressively drift from light sleep to deeper and deeper sleep
False
body temp can drop by more then ___ Celsius wile we are asleep
1 degree
each day our body goes through a cycle during which hormones are produced to control body functions, this is called the
circadian rhythm
melatonin is a; and causes
sleep hormone; us to feel sleepy
the sleep wake cycle shift occurs during
adolescence
the sleep wake shift cycle is a
hormonally induced shift of the body clock forward of about 1 to 2 hours, making them sleep on or two hour later
sleep debt is
sleep that is owed and needs to be made up
