Sleep

Question 1

NREM sleep stands for

Answer 1

non-rapid-eye-movement sleep

Question 2

REM sleep stands for

Answer 2

rapid-eye-movement sleep

Question 3

a cycle of NREM sleep typically lasts for

Answer 3

70 to 90 minutes

Question 4

Approx, how much time of our sleep is spent in NREM sleep?

Answer 4

80 percent

Question 5

True or False:

The second half of a night’s sleep typically has more NREM sleep then the first half of a night’s sleep

Answer 5

False

Question 6

NREM sleep is a key time for the body to

Answer 6

recover, repair body tissue, remove waste products, and replenish neurotransmitters

Question 7

4 types of waves in regards to brain wave activity

Answer 7

• beta
• alpha
• theta
• delta

Question 8

Beta waves are

Answer 8

• high frequency, low amp

- present when one is awake and alert

Question 9

delta waves are

Answer 9

• very high in amplitude, very low in frequency

- are present during a deep sleep just before REM sleep

Question 10

NREM stage 1 consists of

Answer 10

• drowsy
• decrease in alpha waves, rare appearances of theta waves
• Body temp, heart rate, respiration and muscle tension all begin to decrease
• lasts 5 - 10 minutes
• possible rolling eye movements

Question 11

a characteristic that is ONLY found in NREM stage 1 is

Answer 11

the hypnic jerk

Question 12

a hypnic jerk is a result of

Answer 12

our muscles relaxing, where we sometimes experience a jerking sensation where our body seems to go into a spasm

Question 13

NREM stage 2 consists of

Answer 13

• the point where someone is truly asleep (still a light sleep however)
• last for 10 - 20 mins
• heart rate, body temp, blood pressure continue dropping
• breathing becomes more regular
• mainly theta waves
• no eye movements

Question 14

2 characteristics that are ONLY found in NREM stage 2 are

Answer 14

sleep spindles and the k-complex

Question 15

a sleep spindle in NREM stage 2 is

Answer 15

a brief burst of higher frequency brain wave activity, they last for about 1 second and are an indication that the person is asleep

Question 16

a k complex in NREM stage 2 is

Answer 16

a short burst of low frequency and slightly higher amp waves in response to arousing stimuli

Question 17

True or false:

NREM sleep stage 2 is still considered light sleep

Answer 17

True

Question 18

NREM stage 3 consists of

Answer 18

-last for about 10 minutes
-heart rate, body temp, blood pressure continue to drop
-breathing continues to be slow and steady
-delta waves begin to appear
-EMG shows medium or low amplitude
-delta waves are recorded between 20% -50%
start of the deepest period of sleep

Question 19

the presence of delta waves marks the beginning of

Answer 19

SWS or slow wave sleep

Question 20

SWS usually occurs within

Answer 20

an hour of falling asleep

Question 21

NREM stage 4 consists of

Answer 21

• deepest stage of sleep
• muscles are completely relaxed and barely any movement
• in first cycle of sleep, stage 4 may last up to 20 mins but gets shorter throughout the following stages
• more than 50% delta waves

Question 22

special characteristic that occurs only during NREM stage 4 is

Answer 22

sleep inertia or “sleep drunkness”

Question 23

Sleep inertia is

Answer 23

when one is woken from stage 4 NREM sleep and may take up to 10 mins to orient themselves and usually have poor memory of sleep events

Question 24

sleepwalking, sleep talking and night terrors only occur in which stages of sleep

Answer 24

NREM 3 and 4

Question 25

True or False: | bedwetting is more likely to occur in NREM stage 4 than any other stage of sleep

Answer 25

True

Question 26

the progression of NREM sleep from stages 1 to 4 takes about

Answer 26

45 to 60 mins

Question 27

REM sleep is

Answer 27

a period of rapid-eye movement sleep during which the eyeballs rapidly move beneath closed eyelids, darting back and forth and up and down in jerky movements

Question 28

REM sleep consists of

Answer 28

- heart rate is faster and more irregular - beta waves are present - deep sleep as people are difficult to wake - blood pressure rises, breathing is more irregular - apart from occasional twitches, skeletal muscles are limp

Question 29

characteristic of REM sleep is that it is commonly referred to as a

Answer 29

paradoxical sleep

Question 30

the term paradoxical sleep refers to

Answer 30

the brain and body being active internally, while externally the body appears calm and inactive

Question 31

a theory for the purpose of paradoxical sleep

Answer 31

to prevent us from acting out our dreams

Question 32

what stage of sleep does most dreaming occur in

Answer 32

REM sleep

Question 33

dreams that occur in NREM sleep are

Answer 33

less frequent, less memorable, less vivid and less fragmented

Question 34

are the eye movements of an individual related to the content of their dreams?

Answer 34

it has been found that there is no relation

Question 35

sleep can be described as

Answer 35

a regularly occurring ASC that typically occurs spontaneously and is primarily characterised by a loss of conscious awareness

Question 36

what is polysomnography

Answer 36

it is an intensive study of a sleeping person involving simultaneous monitoring and recording of various physiological responses of the sleeper during the course of the night

Question 37

What is an electromyograph or EMG

Answer 37

it is a device used to detect, amplify and record the electrical activity of muscles

Question 38

EMG recordings generally show

Answer 38

the strength of electrical activity occurring in the muscles

Question 39

the strength of electrical activity occurring in the muscles indicate

Answer 39

changes in muscle activity (movement) and muscle tone (tension)

Question 40

EMG's are used to determine sleeping patters and stages because

Answer 40

there are identifiable changes in muscular activity during the course of a typical night's sleep

Question 41

what is an electro-ocular graph or EOG?

Answer 41

it is a device for measuring eye movements and eye positions be detecting, amplifying and recording electrical activity in eye muscles that control eye movement

Question 42

EOG is used to measure

Answer 42

changes in eye movements over the different stages of sleep, and in particular, to differentiate between NREM sleep and REM sleep

Question 43

True or false: | both heart rate and core body temp gradually rise as we progressively drift from light sleep to deeper and deeper sleep

Answer 43

False

Question 44

body temp can drop by more then ___ Celsius wile we are asleep

Answer 44

1 degree

Question 45

each day our body goes through a cycle during which hormones are produced to control body functions, this is called the

Answer 45

circadian rhythm

Question 46

melatonin is a; and causes

Answer 46

sleep hormone; us to feel sleepy

Question 47

the sleep wake cycle shift occurs during

Answer 47

adolescence

Question 48

the sleep wake shift cycle is a

Answer 48

hormonally induced shift of the body clock forward of about 1 to 2 hours, making them sleep on or two hour later

Question 49

sleep debt is

Answer 49

sleep that is owed and needs to be made up