Skull Vault

Question 1

what bones and sutures are visible from the norma verticalis view

Answer 1

bones - parietal, frontal and occipital

sutures - sagittal, coronal, and partially lambdoid

Question 2

what bones are fused at the coronal suture

Answer 2

frontal and parietal

Question 3

what bones are fused at the sagittal suture

Answer 3

parietal right and left

Question 4

what bones are fused at the lambdoid suture

Answer 4

occipital and parietal

Question 5

what bones are fused at the metopic suture

Answer 5

right and left frontal bones

Question 6

what is the bregma

Answer 6

highest point of skull, where coronal and sagittal sutures meet

Question 7

what is a suture

Answer 7

fibrous joint between bones

Question 8

what is the anterior fontanelle and why is it useful

Answer 8

area in foetus where bones will fuse, soft until then, diamond shaped opening, closes at 18 months - 2 years

Question 9

what attaches to the external occipital protuberence

Answer 9

muscles of neck

Question 10

what can be seen in norma occipitalis

Answer 10

occipital bone, parietal and mastoid process, lambdoid and sagittal suture

Question 11

what bones make up norma lateralis

Answer 11

parietal, frontal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid - can also see mandible and maxilla

Question 12

name the parts of temporal bone

Answer 12

squamous, mastoid, zygomatic, tempanic plate and styloid process

Question 13

what are the lines on the temporal bone and what are they for

Answer 13

superior temporal line - fascia attaches here

inferior temporal line - temporalis muscle attaches here

Question 14

what is the pterion and why is it important

Answer 14

where frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones meet, middle meningeal artery runs here - thin part of bone
can get a blow to the head here - cause the middle meningeal artery to burst - cause an extra dural haemorrage

Question 15

how many cervical vertebrae are there

Answer 15

7

Question 16

what is C1 called, and what features does it have that is different to typical C

Answer 16

atlas, has no vertebral body - anterior arch of atlas instead, has a larger vertebral foramen, oval shaped facets for occipital bone to sit on

Question 17

What is C2 called and what features does it have that is different to typical c

Answer 17

axis, has a large odontoid process, dens process, flat facets and small vertebral foramen

Question 18

what passes through the vertebral foramen

Answer 18

vertebral artery, except c7 has a costal cartilage

Question 19

what joint is present in the vertebral discs

Answer 19

fibrocartilage joint between discs, between superior and inferior articular facets - synovial joint, at risk of osteoarthritis

Question 20

what lies on the pedicle

Answer 20

the nerve corresponding to that vertebrae - c1 nerve travels over atlas pedicle

Question 21

how does c7 differ from the other vertebrae

Answer 21

spinous process is not bifid, vertebral artery does not travel through here

Question 22

why is a fracture at glabella significant

Answer 22

olfactory nerves gather here, can have a dripping nose after trauma - need to gather sample and test for carbohydrates - would be present in mucous, but not CSF. An portal of exit for CSF but also entry for bacteria - possible to get meningitis. Cranial cavity has been breached.