Face

Question 1

what comes from the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch

Answer 1

1st - muscles of mastication and trigeminal nerve

2nd - muscles of facial expression and facial nerve

Question 2

name all the muscles of facial expression

Answer 2

frontalis - epicranial aponeurosis
orbicularis oculi - palpebral and orbital parts
procerus
orbicularis oris
levator labii superiorus, depressor labii inferiorus
levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris
levator labii superiorus alequae nasi
buccinator, zygomaticus major and minor
risorius, platysma

Question 3

what muscles does the temporal branch of facial nerve supply

Answer 3

frontalis muscle and upper orbicularis oculi

Question 4

what muscles does the zygomatic branch of facial nerve supply

Answer 4

lower part of orbicularis oculi

Question 5

what muscles does the buccal branch of facial nerve supply

Answer 5

muscles surrounding upper lip - levator labii superiorus, levator anguli oris, levator labii superiorus alequae nasi, zygomaticus major and minor

Question 6

what muscles does the marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve supply

Answer 6

muscles surrounding lower lip - depressor labii inferiorus depressor anguli oris

Question 7

what muscles does the cervical branch of facial nerve supply

Answer 7

platysma

Question 8

what are the branches of the facial nerve

Answer 8

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical

Question 9

what vessels are present in the side of the face

Answer 9

facial artery - branch of external carotid - gives off inferior and superior labial arteries
facial vein - straight vessel, drains into internal jugular
superficial temporal artery - last branch of external carotid

Question 10

if a patient was cut from ear to angle of the mouth - what structures would you be concerned about

Answer 10

temporal, zygomatic and possibly buccal branches of facial nerve, facial artery - labial branches, and superficial temporal artery

Question 11

what would be the clinical effect of damage to the temporal branch of facial nerve

Answer 11

drooping eyelid and forehead, unable to close eye properly

Question 12

what would be the clinical effect of damage to the zygomatic branch of facial nerve

Answer 12

unable to close eye properly

Question 13

what would be the clinical effect of damage to the buccal branch of facial nerve

Answer 13

drooping mouth, unable to blow cheeks out or retain food in mouth

Question 14

how could you check sensory and motor supply to the face after facial trauma

Answer 14

sensory - touch different parts of face and check for response - infraorbital nerve
motor - close eyes, tightly and blinking, raise eyebrows, smile, sad face, blow cheeks out

Question 15

what secretions are produced by the parotid gland

Answer 15

serous secretions

Question 16

where does the parotid duct drain into

Answer 16

at the 2nd maxillary molar

Question 17

why is parotid gland infection painful

Answer 17

dense connective tissue forms capsule surrounding gland, unable to swell due to restriction

Question 18

what would cause spurting of blood if trauma to face

Answer 18

severed artery - high pressure so spurting of blood
may be superficial temporal artery
or facial artery - end to end anastomes with labial branch, can cause spurting of blood if severed in this area

Question 19

what might be an effect of a fractured mandible

Answer 19

damage to inferior alveolar nerve - numb chin, lip and gum

Question 20

describe the features on the ramus of the mandible

Answer 20

head - condylar head, TMJ, pterygoid fovea for lateral pterygoid on neck, mandibular notch between condyle and coronoid - masseter nerves run through
coronoid process - temporalis
lingula, mandibular foramen for IAN, mylohyoid groove

Question 21

describe the features of the body of the mandible

Answer 21

mylohyoid line - seperates submandibular and floor of mouth
oblique line - attachment for buccinator
alveolar process, mental foramen
genial tubercles - superior and inferior
diagastric fossa

Question 22

what structure passes through the incisive foramen

Answer 22

nasopalatine nerve - anterior hard palate

Question 23

what structure passes through the greater palatine foramen

Answer 23

greater palatine nerve and arteries - posterior 2/3rds hard palate

Question 24

what structure passes through the lesser palatine foramen

Answer 24

lesser palatine nerve - soft palate

Question 25

what muscle forms the palatal aponeurosis

Answer 25

tensor veli palatini muscle - forms a tendon that loops round the pterygoid hamulus

Question 26

what muscles come from the palatal aponeurosis

Answer 26

levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus

Question 27

where is the pterygoid hamulus

Answer 27

at the end of the medial pterygoid plate