SKULL RADIOGRAPHY Flashcards
CEPHALOMETRIC PROJECTIONS
(2)
LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC PROJECTION
PA CEPHALOMETRIC PROJECTION
LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC PROJECTION
Indications
(3)
Orthodontics/ Growth and development
Orthognathic surgery evaluation
Anterior-posterior view of paranasal sinuses
LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC PROJECTION
Be able to
identify:
(3)
Maxillary sinus
Frontal sinus
Sphenoid sinus
POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR (PA)
CEPHALOMETRIC PROJECTION
Be able to
identify:
(3)
Orbits
Nasal cavity
Frontal sinus
POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR (PA)
CEPHALOMETRIC PROJECTION
Indications
(4)
Orthodontics/Growth and development
Orthognathic surgery evaluation
Mediolateral developmental changes
Facial asymmetry
WATERS PROJECTION
Be able to identify:
(3)
Maxillary sinuses
Floor of orbit
Inferior rim of orbit
WATERS PROJECTION
Waters projection demonstrates:
(3)
Maxillary sinuses
Orbits
Midfacial bones
SUBMENTOVERTEX PROJECTION
Be able to identify:
(2)
Sphenoid sinus
Mandibular condyles
SUBMENTOVERTEX PROJECTION
Submentovertex demonstrates:
(4)
Skull base
Sphenoid sinus
Mandibular condyles
Zygomatic arches
REVERSE TOWNE
PROJECTION
Indications:
(2)
Occiput
Subcondylar fractures
Occlusal Radiography
Indications
(2)
Large segment of dental arch
Limited opening
Occlusal Radiography
Clinical Uses
(6)
- Roots, impactions, supernumerary teeth
- Foreign bodies, sialoliths
- Fractures
- Extent of pathoses
- Sinus and nasal integrity
- Monitor orthodontic palatal expansion
Dental Film Sizes
0 - pediatric
1 – PA , pediatric
2 - Standard
3 – special BW
4 - occlusal
Maxillary
Occlusal Radiography
(3)
- Anterior maxillary occlusal projection
- Topographic maxillary occlusal projection
- Lateral maxillary occlusal projection
Anterior Maxillary
Occlusal Projection
Vertical Angle:
Central Ray:
(+) 45 degrees
through tip of the nose
Topographic Maxillary
Occlusal Projection
Vertical Angle:
Central Ray:
(+) 65 degrees
through bridge of the nose
Lateral Maxillary
Occlusal Projection
Vertical Angle:
Central Ray:
(+) 60 degrees
2cm below lateral canthus of eye
Mandibular
Occlusal Radiography
(3)
- Anterior Mandibular Occlusal Projection
- Topographic (Cross-Sectional)
Mandibular Occlusal Projection - Lateral Mandibular Occlusal Projection
Anterior Mandibular
Occlusal Projection
Vertical Angle:
Central Ray:
-55 to plane of receptor
through tip of chin
Topographic Mandibular
Occlusal Projection
Vertical Angle:
Central Ray:
perpendicular to receptor
in midline, through floor of mouth
Lateral Mandibular
Occlusal Projection
Vertical Angle:
Central Ray: (3)
- perpendicular to receptor
- beneath the chin
- 3 cm posterior to chin
- 3 cm lateral to midline
Anterior Maxillary
Occlusal Projection
can see
(2)
Anterior maxilla, canine to canine
Anterior floor of nasal fossa
Topographic Maxillary
Occlusal Projection
can see (4)
Palate, nasal septum
Maxillary 2nd molar to 2nd molar
Anterioinferior portion of maxillary sinuses
Nasolacrimal canals
Lateral Maxillary
Occlusal Projection
can see
(3)
Quadrant of maxillary ridge
Lateral incisor to contralateral 3rd molar
Inferolateral portion of maxillary sinus
Anterior Mandibular
Occlusal Projection
can see
(2)
Anterior mandible, canine to canine
Inferior cortex of mandible
Topographic Mandibular
Occlusal Projection
can see
(3)
Floor of mouth
Buccal/lingual cortex of mandible
from 2nd molar to 2nd molar
Lateral Mandibular
Occlusal Projection
can see
(3)
Half of floor of mouth
Lateral incisor to contralateral third molar
Buccal/lingual cortex of half of mandible
