skull projections Flashcards
1
Q
- pt nose and forehead againsr rhe bucky surface
- OML perpendicular to IR
- MSP perpendicular to midline of table
- CR is perpendicular to IR, centered and exits at Glabella
- SS: Frontal bone, crista galli, frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinuses, greater and lesser wing of sphenoid, Petrous Ridges fill the orbits
A
PA Projection
2
Q
- pxn’s nose and forehead against the Bucky surface
- OML perpendicular to IR
- CR: 15° caudad, to exit at Nasion
- SS: Petrous Ridge being projected into the lower 1/3 of the orbits, Frontal Bone, Orbital Rim, Anterior Ethmoidal Air Cells
A
PA Axial Projection/ Caldwell Method
3
Q
- head in a true lateral position with the pxn’s body as oblique as needed for comfort
- MSP parallel to IR
- IPL perpendicular to IR
- IOML parallel to IR
- CR is perpendicular IR, 2 inches superior to EAM
- SS: superimposed cranial halves with the lateral details closest to the IR are demonstrated, the sella turcica and clivus
A
Lateral Projection
4
Q
- for trauma patients
- demonstrate airfluid levels in the sphenoid sinus, this finding maybe the clue to the presence of basal skull fracture
- demonstrate the Sella Turcica CR must be perpendicular to IR, directed ¾ inch anterior and ¾ inch superior to EAM.
A
Cross Table Lateral
5
Q
- Depress the pxn’s chin, bringing OML perpendicular to IR
- CR 30° caudad to OML, or 37° caudad to IOML
- RP: 2.5 inches above the Glabella
- SS: Occipital bone, petrous pyramids, and foramen magnum, with the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids visualized in the shadow of the foramen magnum.
A
AP Axial Projection/ Towne Method
6
Q
AP Axial Projection of the Cranium:
A
Towne
Grashey
Altschul
Chamberlain
7
Q
- Head rested on the forehead and nose
- CR: 25° Cephalad, enters 1 ½ inch below the Inion and exits at 1 ½ inch above the Nasion
- SS: Sellar structures seen within the foramen magnum.
A
PA Axial Projection/ Haas Method
8
Q
- hyperextend neck and raise chin until IOML is parallel to IR. rest the pt’s head on vertex.
- CR is perpendicular to IOML
- RP: ¾ inch anterior to level of EAM (midway between angles of mandible)
- SS: Base of the skull, foramen magnum, ovale and spinosum, mandible, hard palate, zygomatic arches, petrous ridges, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, and the occipital bone.
A
SubmentoVertico Projection/ Full Basal Projection /Schuller Method
9
Q
- CR passes through a point ¾ inch anterior to the level of the EAM
A
VerticoSubmental Projection
10
Q
CR Caldwell
A
15° caudad, to exit at Nasion
11
Q
CR Towne
A
30° caudad to OML, or 37° caudad to IOML
12
Q
CR Haas
A
25° Cephalad
13
Q
RP Towne (skull)
A
2.5 inches above Glabella
14
Q
RP Haas (skull)
A
enters 1 ½ inch below the Inion and exits at 1 ½ inch above the Nasion
15
Q
RP Schuller (skull)
A
3/4 inch anterior to level of EAM
16
Q
RP of Haas
A
1.5 inch below the Inion and exits at 1.5 inch above the Nasion
17
Q
RP Cross Table Lateral
A
directed ¾ inch anterior and ¾ inch superior to EAM.
