pns

Question 1

Should be radiographed in ____ position. To demonstrate the presence of air-fluid level.

Answer 1

erect/upright

Question 2

Patient must be in erect at least ___ before taking the examination.

Answer 2

5 minutes

Question 3

• CR horizontally directed 1 inch posterior to outer canthus.
• Best projection to demonstrate all 4 sinuses.
• Demonstrate the sphenoid sinus, which is the primary importance of this projection

Answer 3

LATERAL PROJECTION

Question 4

• CR 15° caudad to nasion
• Best projection to demonstrate the frontal sinuses and anterior ethmoidal sinuses.
• Petrous ridge are projected into lower 1/3 of the orbits

Answer 4

CALDWELL’S METHOD

Question 5

• head is resting on chin.
• MML is perpendicular to IR
• OML forms an angle of 37° with the plane of the film.
• Tip of the nose ¾ inch from the image receptor.
• Demonstrate any retention cyst and possible nasal deviation
• CR directed to acanthion.
• Best demonstrate the maxillary sinuses above the petrous ridge.
• Useful projection for demonstrating the foramen rotundum.
• Petrous pyramids below the maxillary sinuses.

Answer 5

WATER’S METHOD

Question 6

• Demonstrate the sphenoid sinuses through the open mouth.
• removes the upper teeth from direct superimposition of the sphenoid.

Answer 6

PARIETOACANTHIAL TRANS-ORAL PROJECTION
OPEN-MOUTH WATERS