facial, orbits, nasal Flashcards
• RP: Zygoma
• SS: Lateral view of the Facial Bone
Lateral Projection
- extend neck, rest chin against the Bucky surface.
• Adjust the head until MML is perpendicular to the IR
• OML will form 37° with the bucky surface
• CR: perpendicular to IR, to exit at Acanthion
• S/S: Petrous pyramids lying inferior to the
antral floors,Inferior Orbital Rim, Maxillae,
Nasal Septum, Zygomatic bones and
arches, and Anterior Nasal Spine.
• Best method to demonstrates the facial
bone.
Waters Method / ParietoAcanthial Projection
• S/S: the orbital rims, maxillae, nasal septum, zygomatic bones, and the anterior nasal spine.
PA Axial Projection / Caldwell Method
7 Bones of Orbits
Zygomatic Bone
Maxillae
Lacrimal
Palatine Bones
Sphenoid
Frontal
Ethmoid Bones
• Best Method to demonstrates the Blow out, Tripod and Le Fort fracture.
ParietoAcanthial Projection/ Waters Method
• Adjust the flexion of the patient’s neck so that the OML forms an angle of 55 deg with the plain of the IR.
• CR: Perpendicular to mid-orbits
• SS: foreign body localization
Modified Waters Method
- also used to demonstrates the foreign body of the eye.
• CR must be directed towards the outer canthus of the eye.
Lateral Projection
• Place the chin, nose and cheek on Bucky surface
• AML perpendicular to the plane of the film
• Adjust the rotation of the head so that the MSP forms an angle of 53° with the plane of the film.
• CR must be perpendicular through the affected orbit closest to the film.
• SS: Optic Foramen
Rhese Method / Parieto-Orbital Oblique
• patient’s forehead and nose on the grid device
• OML is perpendicular to the plane of the IR
• CR: 20 to 25 degrees caudad and exiting at the level of the inferior margin of the orbit.
• S/S: Superior Orbital Fissures
PA Axial Projection
• Rest the patient’s forehead and nose on IR.
• IOML is perpendicular to the plane of the IR.
• CR: 20 to 25 degrees cephalad, it enters 3 inches below the Inion and exits at the Nasion.
• SS: Inferior Orbital Fissures
PA Axial Projection / Bertel Method
• CR must be perpendicular to IR
• RP: ½ - ¾ inch inferior to Nasion
• SS: Nasal Bone, Frontonasal Suture, and Anterior Nasal Spine
Soft Tissue Lateral
• Extend and rest chin on IR
• CR must be parallel to GAL (CR must skim glabella and anterior upper front teeth)
• S/S: best demonstrates the medial and lateral displacement of the nasal bone
SuperoInferior Tangential Projection
apical film
Vogt Method
geometric calculation
Sweet Method
no apparatus
Parallax motion method
leaded contact lens
Pfeiffer Comberg Method
RP of Lateral Projection (facial)
Zygoma
• OML will form __ angle with the bucky
surface (waters) (facial)
37
RP of Waters (Facial)
Acanthion
Adjust the flexion of the patient’s neck so that the OML forms an angle of __ degrees with the plain of the IR. (modified waters) (orbits)
55 degrees
CR of Modified Waters
perpendicular to mid orbits
CR of Lateral Projection (orbits)
outer canthus of eye
Foreign Body Localization methods
Vogt
Sweet
Parallax Motion
Pfeiffer Comberg
what is perpendicular sa rhese method
AML
Adjust the rotation of the head so that the MSP forms an angle of ___ with the plane of the film. (rhese method)
53 degrees
SS of Rhese Method
Optic Foramen
whats perpendicular sa PA Axial (orbit)
OML
CR of PA Axial (orbit)
20 to 25 degrees caudad and exiting at the level of the inferior margin of the orbit.
SS of PA Axial (Orbit)
Superior Orbital Fissure
whats perpendicular sa Bertel Method
IOML
CR of Bertel Method
20 to 25 degrees cephalad
SA of Bertel Method
Inferior Orbital Fissure
RP of soft tissue lateral (nasal)
1/2 - 3/4 inch inferior to nasion
CR of SuperoInferior Tangential Projection
parallel to GAL (CR must skim
glabella and anterior upper front teeth)
RP Bertel Method
3 inches below the Inion and exits at the Nasion.
perpendicular sa waters (facial)
MML
