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SEM II - Positioning > Skull, Facial, & Sinus > Flashcards

Skull, Facial, & Sinus Flashcards

0
Q

Skull Series:

Lateral Skull

A

Patient lying semi prone (on stomach slightly elevated to one side)
MSP of head parallel with IR
IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel or long axis of cassette
Knee flexed forward for comfort/stability
Side up arm forward and up, side down arm down
CR veritical and perpendicular
CR enters 2” above side up EAM
IR=10x12” crosswise (landscape)
SID=40”
Collimating to 10x12” light field
Suspend respiration, shield
Both left and right laterals routinely done

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1
Q

Skull Series:

PA Axial Caldwell Method

A

Patient lying on stomach.
Orbitomeatal line (OML) perpendicular to IR
Nose and forehead resting on table, arms to the side of patients body
CR angled 15* caudal, passing through the nasion
SID = 40”
IR = 10x12
Collimation = 10x12
Suspend respiration, shield patient.
Petrous ridges should be projected in lower 1/3 of orbit

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2
Q

Skull Series:

AP Axial Townes Method

A 
Patient lying on back, chin tucked
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
OML or IOML perpendicular to IR
Top of IR at level of skull vertex
Arms along sides of body
CR angled caudally 30* for OML or 37* for IOML
CR enters 2 1/2" superior to glabella, passing through EAM
IR=10x12" lengthwise (portrait)
SID=40"
Collimating to 10x12" light field
Suspend respiration, shield
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3
Q

Skull Series:

SMV Schullers Method

A 
Patient recumbent or sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular, enters MSP between mandibular angles
CR passes ¾" anterior to EAM
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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4
Q

Facial:

PA Axial Caldwell

A 
​Patient upright and facing 
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​OML perpendicular to IR
Nose and forehead resting on bucky
Arms along the side of patient's body
​CR angled 15o caudal
​CR passes through the nasion
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
​Petrous ridges should be projected into lower 1/3 of orbit​

​

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5
Q

Facial:

Lateral

A

Patient upright
​MSP of head parallel to IR
​IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel to long axis of cassette​
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR enters between outer canthus and EAM​
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding

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6
Q

Facial:

PA Waters Method

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP of head parallel to IR
OML at 37o angle to IR
Chin resting on bucky
CR horizontal and perpendicular
CR passes through acanthion
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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7
Q

Facial:

SMV

A 
Patient upright and sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR horizontal and perpendicular
CR passes 1" posterior to outer canthi
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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8
Q

Paranasal Sinus:

PA Waters

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP of head parallel to IR
OML at 37o angle to IR
Chin resting on bucky
CR horizontal and perpendicular
CR passes through acanthion
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding

​

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9
Q

Paranasal Sinus:

PA Axial Caldwell

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​OML at 15o angle to IR
Nose and chin resting on bucky
Arms along the side of patient's body
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR passes through the nasion
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to 10 x 12 light field
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
​Petrous ridges should be projected into lower 1/3 of orbit​

​

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10
Q

Paranasal Sinus:

Lateral

A

Patient upright
​MSP of head parallel to IR
​IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel to long axis of cassette​
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR enters ½ to 1” posterior to outer canthus​
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding

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11
Q

Paranasal Sinus:

SMV

A

Patient upright and sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular, enters MSP between mandibular angles
CR passes ¾” anterior to EAM
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding

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12
Q

Mandible:

PA Ramus

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​OML perpendicular to IR
Nose and forehead resting on bucky
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR passes through the acanthion
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to include entire mandible
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
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13
Q

Mandible:

PA Body

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​AML perpendicular to IR
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR passes through mid-lips
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to include entire mandible
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
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14
Q

Mandible:

Axial Oblique

A 
Patient seated upright in anterior oblique position
IPL perpendicular to IR
Mouth closed, teeth together
Neck extended, body of mandible parallel to IR
CR angled 25o cephalad
CR passing through mid-mandibular body
Side closest to IR seen
IR orientation (10 x 12) crosswise – (landscape)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to include entire mandible
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
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15
Q

Zygomatic Arch:

Towne

A 
Patient recumbent and supine, chin tucked
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​OML or the IOML perpendicular to IR
​Top of IR at level of skull vertex
​Arms along sides of body​
​CR angled caudally
​30o caudal in OML perpendicular
​37o caudal in IOML perpendicular
​CR enters 1" above nasion at glabella​​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to zygomatic arches​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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16
Q

Zygomatic Arch:

SMV

A 
Patient upright and sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular
CR passes 1" posterior to outer canthi
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to zygomatic arches
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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17
Q

Zygomatic Arch:

Tangential

A 
Patient upright and sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
IOML parallel to IR
MSP rotated 15o toward side being examined
Top of head tilted 15o away from side being examined
CR horizontal and perpendicular
CR passes through mid-zygomatic arch
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to zygomatic arch
Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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18
Q

Specialty:

Trauma Lateral Skull

A

Patient recumbent and supine on backboard​
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel to long axis of cassette
​Elevate head 1 - 2” onto sponge
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR enters 2” above the EAM
IR orientation (10 x 12) crosswise – (landscape)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
BOTH left and right laterals routinely imaged​​

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19
Q

Specialty:

AP Axial Skull (Reverse Caldwell Method)

A 
Patient recumbent and supine
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
OML perpendicular to IR
​CR angled 15o cephalic
​CR enters the nasion
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
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20
Q

Specialty:

PA Axial - (Haas Method, Reverse Towne’s)

A 
Patient recumbent and prone, chin tucked
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IPL parallel top IR
​OML perpendicular to IR
​Forehead and nose on table
​CR angled 25o cephalad
​CR enters 1 ½ " inferior to inion (EOP)
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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21
Q

Specialty:

AP Trauma Water’s​

A

When patient cannot extend neck to place OML at 37o to IR
Patient recumbent and supine
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​CR angled to be parallel with MML
​CR enters acanthion
IR orientation (10x12) lengthwise - (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10x12 light field
Suspend respiration
Gonadal/abdominal shielding

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22
Q

Lambda

A

Junction between saggital and lambdoidal sutures

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23
Q

Greater wing

A

Portion of sphenoid bone that helps to form the base of the skull.

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24
Q

Petrous pyramids

A

Portion of the temporal bone.

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25
Q

Olfactory nerves

A

Pass through the holes in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone.

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26
Q

The sella turcica is also known as

A

Dorsum sallae

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27
Q

The bones that form the nasal septum

A

Ethmoid & Vomer

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28
Q

The EOP is also known as

A

Inion

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29
Q

The facial bone that looks like a plow

A

Vomer

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30
Q

Temporalis muscle inserts into the mandible at

A

Coronoid process

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31
Q

The verticals portion of the mandible is

A

Ramus

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32
Q

The paranasal sinus directly inferior to the sella turcica is

A

Sphenoid sinus

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33
Q

Bregma

A

Junction of coronal and saggital sutures

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34
Q

Synarthrotic

A

Joint without movement

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35
Q

A majority of the hard palate is formed by the

A

Maxillary bones

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36
Q

The smaller portion of the hard palate is formed by the

A

Palatine bones

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37
Q

The two bones that form the hard palate

A

Maxilla & palatine

38
Q

The anterior nasal spine (acanthion) is formed by the

A

Maxillary bone

39
Q

The curved horizontal portion of the mandible is known as the

A

Body

40
Q

Ethmoid sinuses

A

Aka ethmoid air cells divided into three main groups: anterior, middle, posterior.

41
Q

Coronal suture

A

Between the frontal and parietal bones of skull

42
Q

Saggital suture

A

On top of head between the two parietal bones

43
Q

Lambdoidal suture

A

Between the occipital and parietal bones of skull

44
Q

Lacrimal duct

A

Tear duct

45
Q

Mesocephalic

A

Normal head size

46
Q

Glabella

A

Point between eyes at the eyebrow level

47
Q

Cribiform plate

A

Horizontal portion of ethmoid bone

48
Q

Condylar process

A

Portion of mandible.

Articulates with Mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form TMJ

49
Q

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

A

Forms superior portion of the bony basal septum

50
Q

Occipital bone

A

Found on back bottom portion of head. Contains foramen magnum

51
Q

Crista galli

A

Conical projection at the anterior midline of the cribiform plate.

52
Q

Parietal bone

A

Upper portion of skull, split down center into left and right side.

53
Q

Sphenoid

A

Butterfly shaped bone in skull.

Wing on lateral side of face, anterior to the temporal bone.

54
Q

Mastoid process

A

Portion of temporal bones

55
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Portion of occipital bone projecting anteriorly, fuses at basilar portion to complete the foramen magnum.

56
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spots on a baby.

57
Q

Temporal bone

A

Bones on the lateral cranium

58
Q

Nasion

A

Point between eyes

59
Q

Outer canthus

A

Outer portion of the eye

60
Q

Squamousal suture

A

Between temporal bone and parietal bones of the skull.

61
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Ventricle portion of the ethmoid bone, forms superior portion or the bony nasal septum.

62
Q

Temporal bone

A

situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes.
houses the structures of the organ of hearing.

63
Q

Vomer

A

unpaired facial bone of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomer forms the posterior part of the nasal septum, with the anterior part formed by the ethmoid.

64
Q

Acanthion

A

Point just inferior of the nose

65
Q

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

A

depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandibular condyle

66
Q

Clivus

A

Portion of sphenoid bone slanted area that supports the pons of the brain

67
Q

Mental protuberance

A

Point of the chin

68
Q

Calvaria

A 
Skull cap:
Frontal 
Occipital 
Right parietal
Left parietal
69
Q

Floor

A 
Base of the skull:
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Right temporal
Left temporal
70
Q

OML

A

Orbitomeatal line:

From outer canthus to EAM

71
Q

IOML

A

Infraorbitomeatal line:

From infraorbital margin to EAM

72
Q

GML

A

Glabellomeatal line:

From Glabella to EAM

73
Q

IPL

A

Inter pupillary line:

Perpendicular line between pupils of eyes

74
Q

AML

A

Acanthiomeatal line:

From acanthion to EAM

75
Q

MML

A

Mentomeatal line:

From mental point (chin) to EAM

76
Q

ESE

A

Entrance skin exposure

77
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A 
Named after the bones:
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary
78
Q

Maxillary sinuses

A

Aka Antra of highmore

Largest and most symmetric

79
Q

Hyoid

A

Small u shaped bone at base of tongue.
Only bone that does not articulate with any other bones.
Forms anchor for tongue and larynx

80
Q

Frontal sinuses

A

Second largest sinuses
Rarely symmetric, vary in size/shape
Located between vertical plates of frontal bone

81
Q

Ethmoid sinuses

A

Aka ethmoid air cells

Located w/i lateral masses of labyrinths

82
Q

Sphenoid sinuses

A

Normally paired
Occupy body of sphenoid bone
Often only one develops
Vary in size and shape

83
Q

Which view best displays the Maxillary Sinuses

A

Water’s view

84
Q

Which view best displays the frontal sinuses

A

Caldwell view

85
Q

Which view best displays the ethmoid sinuses

A

Caldwell view

86
Q

Which view best displays the sphenoid sinuses

A

Lateral and SMV view

87
Q

Sinus projections

A

Always done upright to display air/fluid levels, horizontal beam.

88
Q

PA Axial (Caldwell) demonstrates

A

Frontal sinuses above frontonasal suture
Anterior ethmoid air cells
Sphenoid sinuses seen through nasal fossa below/between ethmoids
Petrous pyramids in lower third of orbits
Clearly visible air/fluid levels if present

89
Q

PA in Waters view stands for what

A

Parietoacanthial

90
Q

Parietoacanthial (Waters) demonstrates what

A

Maxillary sinuses
Petrous pyramids lying inferior to maxillary floor
Frontal and ethmoid sinuses are distorted
Clearly visible air/fluid levels, if present

91
Q

Parietoacanthial Open Mouth Waters displays

A

Sphenoid sinuses through open mouth
Maxillary sinuses
Petrous pyramids lying inferior to maxillary floor
Clearly visible air/fluid levels, if present

92
Q

SMV

A

Submentovertical

93
Q

SMV projection best displays what

A

Sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses
Mandible
Body of nasal septum

SEM II - Positioning (5 decks)

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