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SEM II - Positioning > Skull, Facial, & Sinus > Flashcards

Skull, Facial, & Sinus Flashcards

0
Q

Skull Series:

Lateral Skull

A

Patient lying semi prone (on stomach slightly elevated to one side)
MSP of head parallel with IR
IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel or long axis of cassette
Knee flexed forward for comfort/stability
Side up arm forward and up, side down arm down
CR veritical and perpendicular
CR enters 2” above side up EAM
IR=10x12” crosswise (landscape)
SID=40”
Collimating to 10x12” light field
Suspend respiration, shield
Both left and right laterals routinely done

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1
Q

Skull Series:

PA Axial Caldwell Method

A

Patient lying on stomach.
Orbitomeatal line (OML) perpendicular to IR
Nose and forehead resting on table, arms to the side of patients body
CR angled 15* caudal, passing through the nasion
SID = 40”
IR = 10x12
Collimation = 10x12
Suspend respiration, shield patient.
Petrous ridges should be projected in lower 1/3 of orbit

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2
Q

Skull Series:

AP Axial Townes Method

A 
Patient lying on back, chin tucked
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
OML or IOML perpendicular to IR
Top of IR at level of skull vertex
Arms along sides of body
CR angled caudally 30* for OML or 37* for IOML
CR enters 2 1/2" superior to glabella, passing through EAM
IR=10x12" lengthwise (portrait)
SID=40"
Collimating to 10x12" light field
Suspend respiration, shield
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3
Q

Skull Series:

SMV Schullers Method

A 
Patient recumbent or sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular, enters MSP between mandibular angles
CR passes ¾" anterior to EAM
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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4
Q

Facial:

PA Axial Caldwell

A 
​Patient upright and facing 
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​OML perpendicular to IR
Nose and forehead resting on bucky
Arms along the side of patient's body
​CR angled 15o caudal
​CR passes through the nasion
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
​Petrous ridges should be projected into lower 1/3 of orbit​

​

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5
Q

Facial:

Lateral

A

Patient upright
​MSP of head parallel to IR
​IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel to long axis of cassette​
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR enters between outer canthus and EAM​
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding

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6
Q

Facial:

PA Waters Method

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP of head parallel to IR
OML at 37o angle to IR
Chin resting on bucky
CR horizontal and perpendicular
CR passes through acanthion
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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7
Q

Facial:

SMV

A 
Patient upright and sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR horizontal and perpendicular
CR passes 1" posterior to outer canthi
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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8
Q

Paranasal Sinus:

PA Waters

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP of head parallel to IR
OML at 37o angle to IR
Chin resting on bucky
CR horizontal and perpendicular
CR passes through acanthion
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding

​

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9
Q

Paranasal Sinus:

PA Axial Caldwell

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​OML at 15o angle to IR
Nose and chin resting on bucky
Arms along the side of patient's body
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR passes through the nasion
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to 10 x 12 light field
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
​Petrous ridges should be projected into lower 1/3 of orbit​

​

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10
Q

Paranasal Sinus:

Lateral

A

Patient upright
​MSP of head parallel to IR
​IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel to long axis of cassette​
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR enters ½ to 1” posterior to outer canthus​
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding

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11
Q

Paranasal Sinus:

SMV

A

Patient upright and sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular, enters MSP between mandibular angles
CR passes ¾” anterior to EAM
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding

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12
Q

Mandible:

PA Ramus

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​OML perpendicular to IR
Nose and forehead resting on bucky
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR passes through the acanthion
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to include entire mandible
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
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13
Q

Mandible:

PA Body

A 
Patient upright and facing bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​AML perpendicular to IR
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR passes through mid-lips
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to include entire mandible
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
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14
Q

Mandible:

Axial Oblique

A 
Patient seated upright in anterior oblique position
IPL perpendicular to IR
Mouth closed, teeth together
Neck extended, body of mandible parallel to IR
CR angled 25o cephalad
CR passing through mid-mandibular body
Side closest to IR seen
IR orientation (10 x 12) crosswise – (landscape)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to include entire mandible
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
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15
Q

Zygomatic Arch:

Towne

A 
Patient recumbent and supine, chin tucked
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​OML or the IOML perpendicular to IR
​Top of IR at level of skull vertex
​Arms along sides of body​
​CR angled caudally
​30o caudal in OML perpendicular
​37o caudal in IOML perpendicular
​CR enters 1" above nasion at glabella​​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to zygomatic arches​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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16
Q

Zygomatic Arch:

SMV

A 
Patient upright and sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular
CR passes 1" posterior to outer canthi
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to zygomatic arches
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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17
Q

Zygomatic Arch:

Tangential

A 
Patient upright and sitting
Head back, skull vertex against bucky
IOML parallel to IR
MSP rotated 15o toward side being examined
Top of head tilted 15o away from side being examined
CR horizontal and perpendicular
CR passes through mid-zygomatic arch
IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to zygomatic arch
Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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18
Q

Specialty:

Trauma Lateral Skull

A

Patient recumbent and supine on backboard​
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel to long axis of cassette
​Elevate head 1 - 2” onto sponge
​CR horizontal and perpendicular
​CR enters 2” above the EAM
IR orientation (10 x 12) crosswise – (landscape)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
BOTH left and right laterals routinely imaged​​

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19
Q

Specialty:

AP Axial Skull (Reverse Caldwell Method)

A 
Patient recumbent and supine
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
OML perpendicular to IR
​CR angled 15o cephalic
​CR enters the nasion
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field
​Suspended respiration
​Gonadal/Abdominal shielding​
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20
Q

Specialty:

PA Axial - (Haas Method, Reverse Towne’s)

A 
Patient recumbent and prone, chin tucked
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
IPL parallel top IR
​OML perpendicular to IR
​Forehead and nose on table
​CR angled 25o cephalad
​CR enters 1 ½ " inferior to inion (EOP)
​IR orientation (10 x 12) lengthwise – (portrait)
​SID of 40”
​Collimate to no bigger than 10 x 12 light field​
​Suspended respiration
Gonadal/Abdominal shielding
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21
Q

Specialty:

AP Trauma Water’s​

A

When patient cannot extend neck to place OML at 37o to IR
Patient recumbent and supine
MSP perpendicular and centered to IR
​CR angled to be parallel with MML
​CR enters acanthion
IR orientation (10x12) lengthwise - (portrait)
SID of 40”
Collimate to no bigger than 10x12 light field
Suspend respiration
Gonadal/abdominal shielding

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22
Q

Lambda

A

Junction between saggital and lambdoidal sutures

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23
Q

Greater wing

A

Portion of sphenoid bone that helps to form the base of the skull.

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24
Petrous pyramids
Portion of the temporal bone.
25
Olfactory nerves
Pass through the holes in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone.
26
The sella turcica is also known as
Dorsum sallae
27
The bones that form the nasal septum
Ethmoid & Vomer
28
The EOP is also known as
Inion
29
The facial bone that looks like a plow
Vomer
30
Temporalis muscle inserts into the mandible at
Coronoid process
31
The verticals portion of the mandible is
Ramus
32
The paranasal sinus directly inferior to the sella turcica is
Sphenoid sinus
33
Bregma
Junction of coronal and saggital sutures
34
Synarthrotic
Joint without movement
35
A majority of the hard palate is formed by the
Maxillary bones
36
The smaller portion of the hard palate is formed by the
Palatine bones
37
The two bones that form the hard palate
Maxilla & palatine
38
The anterior nasal spine (acanthion) is formed by the
Maxillary bone
39
The curved horizontal portion of the mandible is known as the
Body
40
Ethmoid sinuses
Aka ethmoid air cells divided into three main groups: anterior, middle, posterior.
41
Coronal suture
Between the frontal and parietal bones of skull
42
Saggital suture
On top of head between the two parietal bones
43
Lambdoidal suture
Between the occipital and parietal bones of skull
44
Lacrimal duct
Tear duct
45
Mesocephalic
Normal head size
46
Glabella
Point between eyes at the eyebrow level
47
Cribiform plate
Horizontal portion of ethmoid bone
48
Condylar process
Portion of mandible. | Articulates with Mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form TMJ
49
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Forms superior portion of the bony basal septum
50
Occipital bone
Found on back bottom portion of head. Contains foramen magnum
51
Crista galli
Conical projection at the anterior midline of the cribiform plate.
52
Parietal bone
Upper portion of skull, split down center into left and right side.
53
Sphenoid
Butterfly shaped bone in skull. | Wing on lateral side of face, anterior to the temporal bone.
54
Mastoid process
Portion of temporal bones
55
Occipital condyles
Portion of occipital bone projecting anteriorly, fuses at basilar portion to complete the foramen magnum.
56
Fontanels
Soft spots on a baby.
57
Temporal bone
Bones on the lateral cranium
58
Nasion
Point between eyes
59
Outer canthus
Outer portion of the eye
60
Squamousal suture
Between temporal bone and parietal bones of the skull.
61
Perpendicular plate
Ventricle portion of the ethmoid bone, forms superior portion or the bony nasal septum.
62
Temporal bone
situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes. houses the structures of the organ of hearing.
63
Vomer
unpaired facial bone of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomer forms the posterior part of the nasal septum, with the anterior part formed by the ethmoid.
64
Acanthion
Point just inferior of the nose
65
Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandibular condyle
66
Clivus
Portion of sphenoid bone slanted area that supports the pons of the brain
67
Mental protuberance
Point of the chin
68
Calvaria
``` Skull cap: Frontal Occipital Right parietal Left parietal ```
69
Floor
``` Base of the skull: Ethmoid Sphenoid Right temporal Left temporal ```
70
OML
Orbitomeatal line: | From outer canthus to EAM
71
IOML
Infraorbitomeatal line: | From infraorbital margin to EAM
72
GML
Glabellomeatal line: | From Glabella to EAM
73
IPL
Inter pupillary line: | Perpendicular line between pupils of eyes
74
AML
Acanthiomeatal line: | From acanthion to EAM
75
MML
Mentomeatal line: | From mental point (chin) to EAM
76
ESE
Entrance skin exposure
77
Paranasal sinuses
``` Named after the bones: Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid Maxillary ```
78
Maxillary sinuses
Aka Antra of highmore | Largest and most symmetric
79
Hyoid
Small u shaped bone at base of tongue. Only bone that does not articulate with any other bones. Forms anchor for tongue and larynx
80
Frontal sinuses
Second largest sinuses Rarely symmetric, vary in size/shape Located between vertical plates of frontal bone
81
Ethmoid sinuses
Aka ethmoid air cells | Located w/i lateral masses of labyrinths
82
Sphenoid sinuses
Normally paired Occupy body of sphenoid bone Often only one develops Vary in size and shape
83
Which view best displays the Maxillary Sinuses
Water's view
84
Which view best displays the frontal sinuses
Caldwell view
85
Which view best displays the ethmoid sinuses
Caldwell view
86
Which view best displays the sphenoid sinuses
Lateral and SMV view
87
Sinus projections
Always done upright to display air/fluid levels, horizontal beam.
88
PA Axial (Caldwell) demonstrates
Frontal sinuses above frontonasal suture Anterior ethmoid air cells Sphenoid sinuses seen through nasal fossa below/between ethmoids Petrous pyramids in lower third of orbits Clearly visible air/fluid levels if present
89
PA in Waters view stands for what
Parietoacanthial
90
Parietoacanthial (Waters) demonstrates what
Maxillary sinuses Petrous pyramids lying inferior to maxillary floor Frontal and ethmoid sinuses are distorted Clearly visible air/fluid levels, if present
91
Parietoacanthial Open Mouth Waters displays
Sphenoid sinuses through open mouth Maxillary sinuses Petrous pyramids lying inferior to maxillary floor Clearly visible air/fluid levels, if present
92
SMV
Submentovertical
93
SMV projection best displays what
Sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses Mandible Body of nasal septum

SEM II - Positioning (5 decks)

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