final Flashcards

(344 cards)

1
Q

As a contrast material, barium is described as

A

being positive, suspension, radiopaque.

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2
Q

For the RAO position of the stomach the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated approximately 40-70 degrees.

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3
Q

For the PA projection of the colon the central ray is

A

directed to the level of iliac crest.

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4
Q

For all views of the esophagus the top of the image receptor should be placed

A

at the level of the patient’s mouth.

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5
Q

The routine KVP for imaging the alimentary canal with barium is

A

approximately 100 to 110 KVP

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6
Q

Contents from the small bowel enter into the large bowel through

A

the ileocecal valve

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7
Q

The most proximal portion of the large intestine is

A

the cecum.

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8
Q

For the AP esophagus position the central ray should

A

be directed to the level of T5-T6.

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9
Q

For the lateral rectum the CR is directed

A

to a point that is the level of the ASIS, midcoronal plane.

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10
Q

The body habitus that would present a very long, very slim stomach reaching into the pelvis would be

A

asthenic

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11
Q

For the LAO position of the esophagus the patient’s left arm is

A

extended along the left side of body.

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12
Q

The position that best demonstrates the small bowel loops “spread out” and with minimal OID is

A

prone.

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13
Q

For the RPO oblique of the colon the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated 35-45 degrees.

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14
Q

For the AP stomach position perpendicular to the IR is

A

the midsagittal plane.

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15
Q

For the PA axial projection of the colon the central ray is

A

directed through the level of the ASIS.

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16
Q

For the lateral esophagus position perpendicular to the IR is

A

the midcoronal plane.

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17
Q

For the right lateral portion of the stomach the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated from the IR approximately 90 degrees.

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18
Q

For the lateral esophagus projection the central ray should be

A

directed to the level of T5-T6.

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19
Q

The barium enema position that best demonstrates the elongated recto-sigmoid is

A

the PA axial.

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20
Q

The “S-shaped” portion of the colon is known as

A

the sigmoid.

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21
Q

For the RAO position of the stomach the patient’s left arm is

A

flexed at the elbow, with hand near head.

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22
Q

The position that best demonstrates the splenic flexure in profile is the

A

LAO

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23
Q

For the LPO position of the stomach the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated approximately 30 to 60 degrees.

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24
Q

With the patient in the recumbent RAO stomach position, air will be found in the

A

fundus.

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25
For the RAO esophagus position the central ray should enter the body
3 inches to the left side of the spine.
26
For the RPO position of the colon the central ray enters the body
2 inches to the side up from the midline.
27
The body habitus that would present a very short wide and horizontal stomach would be
hypersthenic.
28
The stomach digests food through the action of
mechanical and chemical digestion.
29
Contents from the esophagus enter the stomach through the
cardiac sphincter.
30
After a contrasted imaging study patients should be advised to
drink extra water for the next 48 hours.
31
For the AP esophagus position perpendicular to the IR is the
midsagittal plane.
32
The kvp range routinely used for imaging the alimentary canal with iodine based contrast agents is
70-80 KVP.
33
The most proximal portion of the small intestine is
the duodenum.
34
For the RAO position of the esophagus the midsagittal plane is
rotated 35-40 degrees.
35
The thick muscular folds found within the stomach are known as
rugae.
36
For the RAO position of the esophagus the patient’s right arm is
extended along the right side of the body.
37
The most commonly used negative contrast media for gastrointestinal imaging is
room air.
38
For the PA axial projection of the colon the central ray is
angled approximately 30-40 degrees caudal.
39
For the RAO esophagus projection the central ray
should be directed to the level of T5-T6.
40
In the recumbent right lateral stomach position, barium will be found in all of the following:
pylorus, duodenum, corpus
41
Correctly aligned, the RAO position projects the barium filled esophagus
between the spine and the heart.
42
For the RAO oblique of the colon the midsagittal plane is
rotated 35-45 degrees.
43
For the lateral position of the esophagus the patient’s hands
are placed above the patient’s head.
44
For the Rao stomach projection of a sthenic patient the central ray
should be directed to the level of L1-L2
45
For the lateral esophagus position the central ray should enter
the body along the midcoronal plane.
46
In the supine, AP stomach position barium will be found in the
fundus.
47
As a contrast material, air is described as
being negative, radiolucent.
48
For the lateral stomach projection of a sthenic patient the central ray
should be directed to the level of L1-L2.
49
For the LAO position of the esophagus the midsagittal plane is
rotated 35-40 degrees.
50
The term referring to the separation of particles within a suspension is known as
flocculation.
51
For the LAO esophagus position the central ray should enter the body
3 inches to the right of the spine.
52
The atomic number of barium is
56.
53
For the RAO position of the stomach the patient’s right arm is
extended along the left side of the body.
54
For the LAO position of the esophagus the patient’s right arm is
flexed at the elbow, hand near head.
55
The most commonly used positive contrast media for gastrointestinal imaging is
barium.
56
For the PA stomach projection of the sthenic patient the central ray should be
directed to the level of L1-L2.
57
The stomach empties to the small bowel through the
pyloric sphincter.
58
For the AP small bowel projection the central ray should be
directed to the level of iliac crest.
59
For the RAO position of the esophagus the patient’s left arm is
flexed at elbow, hand near head.
60
The position that best demonstrates a barium filled fundus is
LPO.
61
The most distal portion of the small intestine is
the ileum.
62
The position that best demonstrates the barium filled duodenum in profile is
RAO.
63
The atomic number of iodine is
53.
64
In the prone, PA stomach position barium will be found in all of the following:
duodenum, pylorus, and corpus.
65
For the LAO esophagus position the central ray should be
directed to the level of T5-T6.
66
For the LPO position of the colon the central ray is
directed to the level of C6-C7.
67
The position that best demonstrates an air filled duodenum in profile is
LPO.
68
The position that best demonstrates the hepatic flexure in profile is the
RAO.
69
With the recumbent AP position in the fundus will be found
barium.
70
With the recumbent RAO position in the pylorus will be found
barium.
71
With the recumbent LPO position in the pylorus will be found
air.
72
With the AP upright position in the fundus will be found
air.
73
With the recumbent right lateral position in the pylorus will be found
barium.
74
With the recumbent RAO position in the fundus will be found
air.
75
With the recumbent LPO position in the fundus will be found
barium.
76
With the PA recumbent position in the fundus will be found
air.
77
With the recumbent right lateral position in the fundus will be found
air.
78
With the PA recumbent position in the transverse will be found
barium.
79
With the recumbent LPO position in the right flexure will be found
air.
80
With the ventral decubitus position in the rectum will be found
air.
81
With the recumbent RPO position in the left flexure will be found
air.
82
With the AP recumbent position in the cecum/ascending will be found
barium.
83
With the AP upright position in the transverse will be found
air.
84
With the left lateral decubitus position in the lateral margin of the cecum will be found
air.
85
With the right lateral decubitus position in the medial margin of the descending will be found
barium.
86
Why would a radiologist order a scout KUB in preparation for a barium study?
To ensure the patient followed prep instructions and to check for residual barium.
87
Why would you take a post evac image after a barium enema?
To see how much barium was expelled or to see if a part of the colon can be better imaged when not completely full of barium.
88
Why is barium contraindicated for a patient with a bowel perforation?
Barium will turn to concrete in the abdominal cavity if it leaks out of a perforation.
89
Differential absorption-
different materials are absorbed at a different rate and by different tissues.
90
Enteroclysis-
x-ray of the small intestines.
91
Functions of the small intestines-
digestion and uptake of nutrients.
92
Functions of the large intestines-
absorb water and form and eliminate stool.
93
the space between the lungs is known as the
mediastinum
94
for the AP upright abdomen the central ray is directed to the level of
2" superior of the iliac crest
95
the most inferior portion of a lung is known as the
costophrenic angle
96
the abdominal organ with the function of absorbing water as well as forming/eliminating stool is the
large intestine
97
the point of tracheal bifurcation is known as the
carina
98
the left lung is composed of
2 lobes
99
according to merrills, a fully inspired PA chest X-ray should allow the tech to see this many ribs
10
100
the jugular both is located at the spinal level of
T2
101
the windpipe is known medically as the
trachea
102
as adequately penetrated flat abdomen radiograph will demonstrate a muscle known as the
psoas
103
the standard SID for imaging of the chest is
72"
104
ballpark kvp for a chest image is approximately
110-120 kvp
105
for a PA chest projection the central ray enters the body at the spinal level of
T7
106
the anatomical landmark that is an indicator of the T7 level is the
inferior scapula angle
107
the standard SID for abdominal imaging is
40"
108
for the PA chest projection the central ray enters the body along the
MSP
109
for the lateral chest projection the top of the IR is placed
1 1/2"-2" above the shoulder
110
the abdominal organ with the function of both digestion and absorption of nutrients is the
small intestines
111
the standard SID for imaging a supine patient for an AP projection chest Xray is
40"
112
for the AP axial lordotic chest projection, the central ray is directed to the level of
mid-sternum
113
for the AP axial lordotic chest projection, the top of the IR is placed
3" above the shoulders
114
the chest projection that best demonstrates the lung apices free of skeletal superimposition is the
AP axial lordotic
115
for the PA anterior oblique chest X-ray the patient is rotated this many degrees from the IR
45 degrees
116
for the AP anterior oblique chest projection the CR enters the body at the level of the
inferior scapular angle
117
according to merrills a patient positioned for a decubutus chest X-ray should be imaged after waiting
5 minutes
118
with the patient imaged for a right lateral decubutis chest X-ray the tech should expect to see
air in left and fluid in right thorax
119
for the AP chest projection the central ray is directed to the level of
mid sternum
120
the abdominal organ with the function of producing hormones as well as digestive enzymes is the
pancreas
121
the area of the lungs where vessels enter and leave the organ is known as the
hilum
122
a ballpark KVP setting for abdominal imaging is approximately
70-80 KVP
123
the most superior portion of a lung is known as the
apex
124
the respiratory phase for abdominal imaging is
suspended expiration
125
the respiratory phase for a routine chest imaging is
suspended inspiration
126
for the AP supine abdomen (KUB) the central ray is directed to the level of the
iliac crest
127
the right lung is comprised of
3 lobes
128
gas exchange occurs in the lungs at the level of the
alveoli
129
respiration
the act of gas exchange through breathing
130
bingo wings
flabby old lady arms
131
pneumothorax
free air in the chest, usually a collapsed lung
132
digestion
breakdown of food so that nutrients can be absorbed
133
falciform ligament
ligaments that holds the liver up under the diaphragm
134
why are chest X-rays taken PA
to minimize the OID of the heart
135
why are chest X-rays usually taken with the patient upright
to allow for accurate air/fluid levels
136
why is the decubitus abdomen taken in the left lateral decubitus position
so that if there is any free air, it will be easily visualized because it will rise to the area of the liver versus the air filled stomach
137
the normal number of cervical vertebra is
7
138
the first cervical vertebra is also known as the
atlas
139
for the RAO oblique sternum position the CR enters the body
1" to the elevated side of the spine
140
the transverse foramina of cervical vertebra accommodate the passage of the
vertebral artery
141
the standard SID for imaging the RAO sternum is
30"
142
the space formed by the body and the posterior arch of the vertebra is known as the
vertebral formen
143
lateral curvature of the spine is known as
scoliosis
144
the degree of rotation for the RAO sternum position is
15-20 degrees
145
for an RAO oblique of the upper ribs the top of the image receptor is placed
1 1/2" above the shoulder
146
the spinous process of a vertebra is formed by the merger of the
lamina
147
the respiration phase for imaging the ribs below the diaphragm is
suspended expiration
148
the vertebral canal accommodates the passage of the
spinal cord
149
the vertebra that articulates with the occipital bone of the skull is
C1
150
The jugular notch is located at the level of
T2
151
the respiration phase for imaging the ribs above the diaphragm is
suspended inspiration
152
for the lateral view of the sternum the central ray enters
at the level of mid sternum
153
for an LPO oblique of the upper ribs, the top of the image receptor is placed
1 1/2" above the shoulder
154
the odontoid process is part of the vertebra
C2
155
the most superior portion of the sternum is the
manubrium
156
the 2nd cervical vertebra is known as the
axis
157
the articulation between the tubercle of the rib and the vertebra is known as a
cosotranverse joint
158
ribs with cartilage that does not directly articulate with the sternum are known as
false ribs
159
the vertebra that has no true body is
C1
160
the inferior angle of the scapula is located at the level of
T7
161
the number of pairs of float in ribs is
2
162
the dens is also known as the
odontoid process
163
the number of pairs of true ribs is
7
164
the xiphoid process is located at the level of
T10
165
The standard SID for imaging the ribs is
40"
166
for lateral view of the sternum, the top of the image receptor is placed
1 1/2" above the jugular notch
167
the sternal angle is located at the level of
T4
168
the vertebral arteries combine to form the
basilar artery
169
the spinal curve that is convex anteriorly is known as
lordosis
170
the intervertebral foramina accommodates the passage of the
nerve roots
171
for the RAO oblique sternum position the central ray enters the body at the level of
T7
172
the normal number of thoracic vertebra is
12
173
what joint allows us to nod our head yes?
the crnioaxial joint / | c1 & the skull
174
what joint allow us to nod NO?
the axioatlas C1-2 because the atlkas rotates around the odontoid process to allow side to side movement
175
why is the sternum imaged PA?
to minimize OID
176
the respiration phase for imaging the AP lumbar spine is
suspended expiration
177
the degree of rotation for imaging the oblique sacroiliac joint is
25-30 degrees
178
for the AP axial oblique cervical spine projection the central ray is directed
15-20 degrees cephalad
179
for the AP lumbosacral spine projection, the central ray is directed to
L4
180
the normal curvature of the sacrum and coccyx is
kyphosis
181
for the AP axial sacrum position, the CR is angled
15 degrees cephalad
182
the normal curvature of the lumbar spine is
lordosis
183
for the AP true lumbar spine projection the central ray is directed
perpendicular to the IR
184
the nose opt the scotty dog is formed by the
transverse process
185
for the lateral thoracic spine position the patients MSP is rotated to
parallel to the IR
186
the cervical view that benefits from a slight patient "ahh" during exposure is the
open mouth C1-2
187
the most inferior portion of the coccyx is the
apex
188
intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are best demonstrated on the
lateral view
189
for the ap axial cervical spine projection the central ray is directed
15-20 cephalad
190
for the lateral true lumbar spine position the central ray enters at the level of
L3
191
when the patient is in the LPO position for an AP oblique projection SI joint we see the
right SI joint farthest from the IR
192
ther cervical intervertebral foramina are best demonstrated by
AP axial oblique
193
the respiration phase for imaging the lateral thoracic spine is
suspended inspiration or shallow breathing technique
194
with an AP axial projection and the patient LPO the cervical intervertebral foramina visualized are the
right side farthest from the IR
195
the horn like processes of the inferior sacrum are known as
cornu
196
for the AP thoracic spine projection the central ray is directed
perpendicular to the IR
197
for the AP lumbar spine position the patients MCP is rotated to
parallel to the IR
198
with an AP axial projection and the patient RPO the cervical intervertebral foramina visualized are the
left side farthest from the IR
199
for the lateral lumbar spine position the patents MCP is rotated to
perpendicular to the IR
200
for the lateral cervical spine "grandy" projection the central ray is directed to the level of
C4
201
for the ap axial cervical spine view must be demonstrated`
c3-t2
202
for the lateral lumbosacral spine position the central ray enters at the level of
L4
203
for the AP thoracic spine position the top of the image receptor is placed
1 1/2 inch above the shoulder
204
when a male patents spine canont be fully straightened for a lateral lumbar view the CR is
angled 5 degrees caudal
205
when the patient is in the RAO position for an AP oblique projection lumbar spine we see the
right facet joints closest to the IR
206
the respiration phase for imaging the oblique lumbar spine is
suspended expiration
207
for the AP axial oblique cervical spine position the patients MSP is rotated to
45 degrees from the IR
208
the degree of rotation for oblique images of the lumbar spine is
45 degrees
209
when the patient is in the LAO position for a PA oblique projection lumbar spine we see the
right facet joints farthest from the IR
210
when a female patients spine cannot be fully straightened for a lateral lumbar view the CR is
angled 8 degrees caudal
211
for the AP axial cervical spine position the patients MSP is rotated to
perpendicular to the IR
212
the holes in the sacrum for the passage of nerves and nerve roots are known as the
sacral foramina
213
for the AP axial (ferguson)view the central ray is directed to the level of
L5-S1
214
or the PA axial oblique cervical spine projection the central ray is directed
15-20 degrees caudad
215
for the AP true lumbar spine position the patients MSP is rotated
perpendicular to the IR
216
The respiration phase for imaging the lateral lumbar spine is
suspended expiration
217
for the AP axial (ferguson)view the central ray enters 1 1/2 inches above the
symphysis pubis
218
the neck of the scotty dog is formed by the
pars interarticularis
219
the cervical spine view that benefits from the patients suspended expiration is
lateral (grandy)
220
for the AP axial Coccyx projection the central ray is directed
10 degrees caudal
221
the eye of the scottie dog is formed by the
pedicle
222
the vertebra that is located 1 1/2' superior to the iliac crest is
L3
223
The portion of the sacrum that articulates with the iliac bones is
the auricular surface.
224
When the patient is in the RPO position for an AP oblique projection S/I joint
we see the left S/I joint farthest from the IR.
225
For the AP axial Cervical projection the central ray is
directed to the level of C4.
226
When the patient is in the LPO position for an AP oblique projection Lumbar spine we see
the left facet joints closest to the IR.
227
For the lateral cervicothoracic “swimmer’s” projection the central ray is
directed to level C7-T1.
228
For the lateral lumbar spine position the patient’s MSP is
rotated to parallel to the IR.
229
With a PA axial projection and the patient LAO the cervical intervertebral foramina visualized are
the right side farthest from the IR.
230
The foot of the “scotty dog” is formed by
the inferior articular process.
231
The lateral cervical spine “grandy” view must demonstrate
sella turcica- T1
232
When the patient is in the RPO position for an AP oblique projection lumbar spine we see
the Right facet joints closest to the IR.
233
For the AP thoracic spine position the patient’s MSP is
rotated to perpendicular to the IR.
234
For the lateral lumbar spine position the patient’s arms are
flexed in front of the body.
235
For the AP dens Fuchs position of the cervical spine the central ray is
directed perpendicular to the IR.
236
The respiration phase for imaging the AP thoracic spine is
suspended inspiration.
237
For the AP open mouth C1-C2 cervical spine projection the central ray is
directed perpendicular to the IR.
238
The superior anterior bony landmark of the sacrum is known as
the sacral promontory.
239
The normal curvature of the thoracic spine is
kyphosis.
240
For the lateral cervicothoracic swimmer’s position the patient’s MSP is
rotated to parallel to the IR.
241
For an AP axial Ferguson view the central ray is
angled 30-35 degrees cephalad.
242
For the PA axial oblique cervical spine position the patient’s MSP is
rotated to 45 degrees from the IR.
243
The ear of the scotty dog is formed by
the superior articular process.
244
For the lateral cervical spine (Grandy) view the central ray is
directed perpendicular to the IR.
245
With a PA axial projection and the patient RAO the cervical intervertebral foramina visualized are
the right side closest to the IR.
246
For the lateral thoracic spine projection the central ray is
directed perpendicular to the IR.
247
For the AP true lumbar spine projection the central ray is
directed to L3.
248
For the lateral thoracic spine position the top of the image receptor is
placed 1 ½ inches above the shoulder.
249
For the lateral cervical spine “grandy” position the patient’s MSP is
rotated to parallel to the IR.
250
For the lateral thoracic spine position the central ray enters
at the level of T7.
251
For the lateral L5-S1 projection the CR is
directed to a point that is 2” posterior to ASIS and 1 ½” inferior to the iliac crest.
252
For the lateral sacrum projection the CR is directed
to a point that is level of the ASIS and 3 ½” posterior to the ASIS.
253
For the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine the CR is directed to a point that is
2” medial to the elevat4ed ASIS and 1 ½ above the iliac crest.
254
For the AP projection oblique S/I joints the CR is
directed to a point that is 1” medial to the elevated ASIS.
255
For the lateral coccyx projection the CR is directed
to a point that is 2” inferior to the ASIS, and 3 ½ posterior to the ASIS.
256
The paranasal sinuses that are arranged in a series of air cells are the
ethmoids.
257
For the lateral projection of the skull the central ray enters
2” superior to the EAM
258
For the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the facial bones the CR is directed
to the level of the nasion.
259
The vertical portion of the mandible is known as the
ramus.
260
The schuller view is also known as the
SMV.
261
For the PA projection of the skull the CR is directed
perpendicular to the IR.
262
The petrous pyramids are a portion of the
temporal bone.
263
The bridge of the nose is formed by bones known as
the nasal bones.
264
Placing the nose and forehead against the image receptor is
the ballpark position for the PA skull.
265
For the lateral projection of the skull the line perpendicular to the image receptor is
the interpupilary line (IPL).
266
The bony process of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone is known as the
condylar process.
267
For the AP Axial (Townes) view of the skull the CR enters
2 ½” above the glabella.
268
For the PA projection of the skull the petrous ridges
should fill from 2/3 to all of the orbits.
269
For the SMV projection of the sinuses the CR is directed
perpendicular to the IR (horizontal)
270
For the lateral projection of the facial bones the CR is directed
perpendicular to the IR.
271
The bone that makes up the majority of the lateral aspect of the skull is the
parietal.
272
For the SMV view of the skull the CR enters
at the level of the gonions.
273
The sinuses that vary the most in size and shape are the
frontals.
274
For the AP Water’s trauma view the CR should be
parallel to the MML.
275
For the PA Axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses the OML
is placed at an angle to the IR that is 15 degrees.
276
For the lateral projection of the facial bones the CR should be
centered upon the zygoma.
277
For the AP Axial (Towne’s) of the skull with the IOML perpendicular to the IR the CR is directed
37 degrees caudal.
278
The external occipital protuberance (EOP) is also known as the
inion.
279
For the lateral projection of the skull the plane parallel to the image receptor is
the midsagittal plane of head.
280
For the PA axial Caldwell projection of the skull the petrous ridges
should fill the lower 1/3 of the orbits.
281
The majority of the hard palate is formed by the
maxillary bone.
282
For the AP projection of the skull the line perpendicular to the image receptor is the
OML
283
For the PA axial Caldwell projection of the skull the Central ray should be directed
to the level of the nasion.
284
The most lateral aspect of the eye’s opening is known as the
outer canthus.
285
For the lateral projection of the skull the CR is directed
perpendicular to the IR.
286
For the PA axial Haas projection of the skull the CR enters
1 ½” below the inion
287
The angle of the mandible is also known as the
gonion.
288
For the AP axial Townes of the skull with the OML perpendicular to the IR the CR is directed
30 degrees caudal.
289
The cranial bone that contains the foramen magnum is the
occipital bone.
290
For the AP axial (Reverse Caldwell) of the skull the CR is directed
15 degrees cephalic.
291
The external acoustic meatus EAM is a portion of the
temporal bone.
292
For the PA Caldwell projection of the skull the line perpendicular to the image receptor is the
OML.
293
For the PA water’s projection of the sinuses the central ray is directed
to the level of the acanthion.
294
The bones of the calvarium are comprised of the type of bone known as
flat bone.
295
The view of the skull performed specifically to evaluate the frontal bone is the
PA skull.
296
For the lateral projection of the sinuses the CR is directed
perpendicular to the IR.
297
For the PA axial Caldwell projection of the skull the CR is directed
15 degrees caudal.
298
The cranial landmark located at the most inferior aspect of the nose is known as the
acanthion.
299
For the SMV projection of the skull the line parallel to the image receptor is the
IOML.
300
The smaller portion of the hard palate is formed by the
palatine bones.
301
The Haas method of the skull is used to replace the preferred
AP axial townes
302
The frontal sinuses are well visualized on the
PA axial Caldwell.
303
The sinuses demonstrated in the open mouth with PA water’s sinus projection are the
sphenoids.
304
The anterior nasal spine (acanthion) is formed by the
maxillary bones.
305
For the lateral projection of the sinuses the line perpendicular to the image receptor is the
interpupilary line- IPL.
306
For the SMV view of the facial bones the CR passes through
1” posterior to the outer canthi.
307
With the PA Water’s projection of the sinuses the petrous ridges should be seen
at the lower margins of maxillary sinus.
308
The curved horizontal portion of the mandible is known as
the body.
309
For the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses the CR is directed
perpendicular to the IR.
310
For the PA Water’s projection of the facial bones the CR is directed
to the level of the acanthion.
311
For the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull the CR is directed
25 degrees cephalic.
312
The largest and most symmetric of the sinuses are the maxillary.
to the level of the nasion.
313
For the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses the central ray is directed
to the level of the nasion.
314
For the lateral projection of the skull the line parallel to the long axis of the IR is the
ioml.
315
The paranasal sinus that is directly inferior to the sella turcica is the
sphenoid sinus.
316
For the lateral projection of the sinuses the line parallel to the long axis of the IR is the
IOML.
317
For the SMV projection of the sinuses the line parallel to the image receptor is the
IOML.
318
The view of the skull performed specifically to evaluate the occipital bone is the
AP axial Townes view of the skull.
319
For the PA projection of the skull the line perpendicular to the image receptor is the
OML.
320
The sphenoid sinuses are well visualized on the
lateral skull and SMV schullers.
321
The sinus projection that best demonstrates the frontal sinuses is the
PA axial (Caldwell)
322
For the PA mandible projection to visualize the mandibular body the CR passes through
the mid-lips.
323
For the SMV projection of the facial bones the line parallel to the image receptor is the
IOML.
324
All of the following facial bones are paired:
lacrimal, nasal, and zygoma.
325
For the lateral projection of the facial bones the central ray enters between
the outer canthus and EAM.
326
The bony structure known as the sella turcica belongs to the
sphenoid bone.
327
For the lateral projection of the facial bones the plane parallel to the image receptor is the
midsagittal plane of head.
328
The view of the skull performed specifically to evaluate the cranial base is the
SMV.
329
For the AP projection of the skull the CR is directed
perpendicular to the IR.
330
The skull position that best demonstrates the sella turcica in profile is
the lateral.
331
For the PA projection of the skull the central ray is directed
to the level of the nasion.
332
For the axial oblique projection of the mandible the CR is directed
cephalad 25 degrees.
333
For the lateral projection of the sinuses the central ray enters
1 inch posterior to the outer canthus.
334
For the PA axial Caldwell projection of the sinuses the petrous ridges
should fill the lower 1/3 of the orbits.
335
For the PA Water’s projection of the facial bones the CR is
directed perpendicular to the IR.
336
For the lateral projection of the sinuses the plane parallel to the image receptor is the
midsagittal plane of head.
337
For the SMV projection of the sinuses the plane that is
perpendicular to the image receptor is the MSP.
338
For the SMV projection of the sinuses the CR enters the
¾” anterior to the EAM.
339
The cranial landmark located at the articulation of the frontal and nasal bones is known as the
nasion.
340
The sinus projection that best demonstrates the maxillary sinuses is the
PA waters.
341
The sinuses that are of primary importance with the lateral projection are the
sphenoids.
342
The portion of the ethmoids bone that helps to form the nasal septum is the
perpendicular plate.
343
The mandibular fossa is a portion of the
temporal bone.
344
For the lateral projection of the facial bones the line parallel to the long axis of the IR is the
IOML.