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SEM II - Positioning > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

As a contrast material, barium is described as

A

being positive, suspension, radiopaque.

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2
Q

For the RAO position of the stomach the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated approximately 40-70 degrees.

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3
Q

For the PA projection of the colon the central ray is

A

directed to the level of iliac crest.

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4
Q

For all views of the esophagus the top of the image receptor should be placed

A

at the level of the patient’s mouth.

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5
Q

The routine KVP for imaging the alimentary canal with barium is

A

approximately 100 to 110 KVP

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6
Q

Contents from the small bowel enter into the large bowel through

A

the ileocecal valve

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7
Q

The most proximal portion of the large intestine is

A

the cecum.

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8
Q

For the AP esophagus position the central ray should

A

be directed to the level of T5-T6.

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9
Q

For the lateral rectum the CR is directed

A

to a point that is the level of the ASIS, midcoronal plane.

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10
Q

The body habitus that would present a very long, very slim stomach reaching into the pelvis would be

A

asthenic

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11
Q

For the LAO position of the esophagus the patient’s left arm is

A

extended along the left side of body.

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12
Q

The position that best demonstrates the small bowel loops “spread out” and with minimal OID is

A

prone.

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13
Q

For the RPO oblique of the colon the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated 35-45 degrees.

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14
Q

For the AP stomach position perpendicular to the IR is

A

the midsagittal plane.

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15
Q

For the PA axial projection of the colon the central ray is

A

directed through the level of the ASIS.

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16
Q

For the lateral esophagus position perpendicular to the IR is

A

the midcoronal plane.

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17
Q

For the right lateral portion of the stomach the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated from the IR approximately 90 degrees.

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18
Q

For the lateral esophagus projection the central ray should be

A

directed to the level of T5-T6.

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19
Q

The barium enema position that best demonstrates the elongated recto-sigmoid is

A

the PA axial.

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20
Q

The “S-shaped” portion of the colon is known as

A

the sigmoid.

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21
Q

For the RAO position of the stomach the patient’s left arm is

A

flexed at the elbow, with hand near head.

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22
Q

The position that best demonstrates the splenic flexure in profile is the

A

LAO

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23
Q

For the LPO position of the stomach the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated approximately 30 to 60 degrees.

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24
Q

With the patient in the recumbent RAO stomach position, air will be found in the

A

fundus.

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25
Q

For the RAO esophagus position the central ray should enter the body

A

3 inches to the left side of the spine.

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26
Q

For the RPO position of the colon the central ray enters the body

A

2 inches to the side up from the midline.

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27
Q

The body habitus that would present a very short wide and horizontal stomach would be

A

hypersthenic.

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28
Q

The stomach digests food through the action of

A

mechanical and chemical digestion.

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29
Q

Contents from the esophagus enter the stomach through the

A

cardiac sphincter.

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30
Q

After a contrasted imaging study patients should be advised to

A

drink extra water for the next 48 hours.

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31
Q

For the AP esophagus position perpendicular to the IR is the

A

midsagittal plane.

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32
Q

The kvp range routinely used for imaging the alimentary canal with iodine based contrast agents is

A

70-80 KVP.

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33
Q

The most proximal portion of the small intestine is

A

the duodenum.

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34
Q

For the RAO position of the esophagus the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated 35-40 degrees.

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35
Q

The thick muscular folds found within the stomach are known as

A

rugae.

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36
Q

For the RAO position of the esophagus the patient’s right arm is

A

extended along the right side of the body.

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37
Q

The most commonly used negative contrast media for gastrointestinal imaging is

A

room air.

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38
Q

For the PA axial projection of the colon the central ray is

A

angled approximately 30-40 degrees caudal.

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39
Q

For the RAO esophagus projection the central ray

A

should be directed to the level of T5-T6.

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40
Q

In the recumbent right lateral stomach position, barium will be found in all of the following:

A

pylorus, duodenum, corpus

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41
Q

Correctly aligned, the RAO position projects the barium filled esophagus

A

between the spine and the heart.

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42
Q

For the RAO oblique of the colon the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated 35-45 degrees.

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43
Q

For the lateral position of the esophagus the patient’s hands

A

are placed above the patient’s head.

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44
Q

For the Rao stomach projection of a sthenic patient the central ray

A

should be directed to the level of L1-L2

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45
Q

For the lateral esophagus position the central ray should enter

A

the body along the midcoronal plane.

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46
Q

In the supine, AP stomach position barium will be found in the

A

fundus.

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47
Q

As a contrast material, air is described as

A

being negative, radiolucent.

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48
Q

For the lateral stomach projection of a sthenic patient the central ray

A

should be directed to the level of L1-L2.

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49
Q

For the LAO position of the esophagus the midsagittal plane is

A

rotated 35-40 degrees.

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50
Q

The term referring to the separation of particles within a suspension is known as

A

flocculation.

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51
Q

For the LAO esophagus position the central ray should enter the body

A

3 inches to the right of the spine.

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52
Q

The atomic number of barium is

A

56.

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53
Q

For the RAO position of the stomach the patient’s right arm is

A

extended along the left side of the body.

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54
Q

For the LAO position of the esophagus the patient’s right arm is

A

flexed at the elbow, hand near head.

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55
Q

The most commonly used positive contrast media for gastrointestinal imaging is

A

barium.

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56
Q

For the PA stomach projection of the sthenic patient the central ray should be

A

directed to the level of L1-L2.

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57
Q

The stomach empties to the small bowel through the

A

pyloric sphincter.

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58
Q

For the AP small bowel projection the central ray should be

A

directed to the level of iliac crest.

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59
Q

For the RAO position of the esophagus the patient’s left arm is

A

flexed at elbow, hand near head.

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60
Q

The position that best demonstrates a barium filled fundus is

A

LPO.

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61
Q

The most distal portion of the small intestine is

A

the ileum.

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62
Q

The position that best demonstrates the barium filled duodenum in profile is

A

RAO.

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63
Q

The atomic number of iodine is

A

53.

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64
Q

In the prone, PA stomach position barium will be found in all of the following:

A

duodenum, pylorus, and corpus.

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65
Q

For the LAO esophagus position the central ray should be

A

directed to the level of T5-T6.

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66
Q

For the LPO position of the colon the central ray is

A

directed to the level of C6-C7.

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67
Q

The position that best demonstrates an air filled duodenum in profile is

A

LPO.

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68
Q

The position that best demonstrates the hepatic flexure in profile is the

A

RAO.

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69
Q

With the recumbent AP position in the fundus will be found

A

barium.

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70
Q

With the recumbent RAO position in the pylorus will be found

A

barium.

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71
Q

With the recumbent LPO position in the pylorus will be found

A

air.

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72
Q

With the AP upright position in the fundus will be found

A

air.

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73
Q

With the recumbent right lateral position in the pylorus will be found

A

barium.

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74
Q

With the recumbent RAO position in the fundus will be found

A

air.

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75
Q

With the recumbent LPO position in the fundus will be found

A

barium.

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76
Q

With the PA recumbent position in the fundus will be found

A

air.

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77
Q

With the recumbent right lateral position in the fundus will be found

A

air.

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78
Q

With the PA recumbent position in the transverse will be found

A

barium.

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79
Q

With the recumbent LPO position in the right flexure will be found

A

air.

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80
Q

With the ventral decubitus position in the rectum will be found

A

air.

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81
Q

With the recumbent RPO position in the left flexure will be found

A

air.

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82
Q

With the AP recumbent position in the cecum/ascending will be found

A

barium.

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83
Q

With the AP upright position in the transverse will be found

A

air.

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84
Q

With the left lateral decubitus position in the lateral margin of the cecum will be found

A

air.

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85
Q

With the right lateral decubitus position in the medial margin of the descending will be found

A

barium.

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86
Q

Why would a radiologist order a scout KUB in preparation for a barium study?

A

To ensure the patient followed prep instructions and to check for residual barium.

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87
Q

Why would you take a post evac image after a barium enema?

A

To see how much barium was expelled or to see if a part of the colon can be better imaged when not completely full of barium.

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88
Q

Why is barium contraindicated for a patient with a bowel perforation?

A

Barium will turn to concrete in the abdominal cavity if it leaks out of a perforation.

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89
Q

Differential absorption-

A

different materials are absorbed at a different rate and by different tissues.

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90
Q

Enteroclysis-

A

x-ray of the small intestines.

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91
Q

Functions of the small intestines-

A

digestion and uptake of nutrients.

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92
Q

Functions of the large intestines-

A

absorb water and form and eliminate stool.

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93
Q

the space between the lungs is known as the

A

mediastinum

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94
Q

for the AP upright abdomen the central ray is directed to the level of

A

2” superior of the iliac crest

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95
Q

the most inferior portion of a lung is known as the

A

costophrenic angle

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96
Q

the abdominal organ with the function of absorbing water as well as forming/eliminating stool is the

A

large intestine

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97
Q

the point of tracheal bifurcation is known as the

A

carina

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98
Q

the left lung is composed of

A

2 lobes

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99
Q

according to merrills, a fully inspired PA chest X-ray should allow the tech to see this many ribs

A

10

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100
Q

the jugular both is located at the spinal level of

A

T2

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101
Q

the windpipe is known medically as the

A

trachea

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102
Q

as adequately penetrated flat abdomen radiograph will demonstrate a muscle known as the

A

psoas

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103
Q

the standard SID for imaging of the chest is

A

72”

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104
Q

ballpark kvp for a chest image is approximately

A

110-120 kvp

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105
Q

for a PA chest projection the central ray enters the body at the spinal level of

A

T7

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106
Q

the anatomical landmark that is an indicator of the T7 level is the

A

inferior scapula angle

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107
Q

the standard SID for abdominal imaging is

A

40”

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108
Q

for the PA chest projection the central ray enters the body along the

A

MSP

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109
Q

for the lateral chest projection the top of the IR is placed

A

1 1/2”-2” above the shoulder

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110
Q

the abdominal organ with the function of both digestion and absorption of nutrients is the

A

small intestines

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111
Q

the standard SID for imaging a supine patient for an AP projection chest Xray is

A

40”

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112
Q

for the AP axial lordotic chest projection, the central ray is directed to the level of

A

mid-sternum

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113
Q

for the AP axial lordotic chest projection, the top of the IR is placed

A

3” above the shoulders

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114
Q

the chest projection that best demonstrates the lung apices free of skeletal superimposition is the

A

AP axial lordotic

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115
Q

for the PA anterior oblique chest X-ray the patient is rotated this many degrees from the IR

A

45 degrees

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116
Q

for the AP anterior oblique chest projection the CR enters the body at the level of the

A

inferior scapular angle

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117
Q

according to merrills a patient positioned for a decubutus chest X-ray should be imaged after waiting

A

5 minutes

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118
Q

with the patient imaged for a right lateral decubutis chest X-ray the tech should expect to see

A

air in left and fluid in right thorax

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119
Q

for the AP chest projection the central ray is directed to the level of

A

mid sternum

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120
Q

the abdominal organ with the function of producing hormones as well as digestive enzymes is the

A

pancreas

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121
Q

the area of the lungs where vessels enter and leave the organ is known as the

A

hilum

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122
Q

a ballpark KVP setting for abdominal imaging is approximately

A

70-80 KVP

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123
Q

the most superior portion of a lung is known as the

A

apex

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124
Q

the respiratory phase for abdominal imaging is

A

suspended expiration

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125
Q

the respiratory phase for a routine chest imaging is

A

suspended inspiration

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126
Q

for the AP supine abdomen (KUB) the central ray is directed to the level of the

A

iliac crest

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127
Q

the right lung is comprised of

A

3 lobes

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128
Q

gas exchange occurs in the lungs at the level of the

A

alveoli

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129
Q

respiration

A

the act of gas exchange through breathing

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130
Q

bingo wings

A

flabby old lady arms

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131
Q

pneumothorax

A

free air in the chest, usually a collapsed lung

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132
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food so that nutrients can be absorbed

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133
Q

falciform ligament

A

ligaments that holds the liver up under the diaphragm

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134
Q

why are chest X-rays taken PA

A

to minimize the OID of the heart

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135
Q

why are chest X-rays usually taken with the patient upright

A

to allow for accurate air/fluid levels

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136
Q

why is the decubitus abdomen taken in the left lateral decubitus position

A

so that if there is any free air, it will be easily visualized because it will rise to the area of the liver versus the air filled stomach

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137
Q

the normal number of cervical vertebra is

A

7

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138
Q

the first cervical vertebra is also known as the

A

atlas

139
Q

for the RAO oblique sternum position the CR enters the body

A

1” to the elevated side of the spine

140
Q

the transverse foramina of cervical vertebra accommodate the passage of the

A

vertebral artery

141
Q

the standard SID for imaging the RAO sternum is

A

30”

142
Q

the space formed by the body and the posterior arch of the vertebra is known as the

A

vertebral formen

143
Q

lateral curvature of the spine is known as

A

scoliosis

144
Q

the degree of rotation for the RAO sternum position is

A

15-20 degrees

145
Q

for an RAO oblique of the upper ribs the top of the image receptor is placed

A

1 1/2” above the shoulder

146
Q

the spinous process of a vertebra is formed by the merger of the

A

lamina

147
Q

the respiration phase for imaging the ribs below the diaphragm is

A

suspended expiration

148
Q

the vertebral canal accommodates the passage of the

A

spinal cord

149
Q

the vertebra that articulates with the occipital bone of the skull is

A

C1

150
Q

The jugular notch is located at the level of

A

T2

151
Q

the respiration phase for imaging the ribs above the diaphragm is

A

suspended inspiration

152
Q

for the lateral view of the sternum the central ray enters

A

at the level of mid sternum

153
Q

for an LPO oblique of the upper ribs, the top of the image receptor is placed

A

1 1/2” above the shoulder

154
Q

the odontoid process is part of the vertebra

A

C2

155
Q

the most superior portion of the sternum is the

A

manubrium

156
Q

the 2nd cervical vertebra is known as the

A

axis

157
Q

the articulation between the tubercle of the rib and the vertebra is known as a

A

cosotranverse joint

158
Q

ribs with cartilage that does not directly articulate with the sternum are known as

A

false ribs

159
Q

the vertebra that has no true body is

A

C1

160
Q

the inferior angle of the scapula is located at the level of

A

T7

161
Q

the number of pairs of float in ribs is

A

2

162
Q

the dens is also known as the

A

odontoid process

163
Q

the number of pairs of true ribs is

A

7

164
Q

the xiphoid process is located at the level of

A

T10

165
Q

The standard SID for imaging the ribs is

A

40”

166
Q

for lateral view of the sternum, the top of the image receptor is placed

A

1 1/2” above the jugular notch

167
Q

the sternal angle is located at the level of

A

T4

168
Q

the vertebral arteries combine to form the

A

basilar artery

169
Q

the spinal curve that is convex anteriorly is known as

A

lordosis

170
Q

the intervertebral foramina accommodates the passage of the

A

nerve roots

171
Q

for the RAO oblique sternum position the central ray enters the body at the level of

A

T7

172
Q

the normal number of thoracic vertebra is

A

12

173
Q

what joint allows us to nod our head yes?

A

the crnioaxial joint /

c1 & the skull

174
Q

what joint allow us to nod NO?

A

the axioatlas C1-2 because the atlkas rotates around the odontoid process to allow side to side movement

175
Q

why is the sternum imaged PA?

A

to minimize OID

176
Q

the respiration phase for imaging the AP lumbar spine is

A

suspended expiration

177
Q

the degree of rotation for imaging the oblique sacroiliac joint is

A

25-30 degrees

178
Q

for the AP axial oblique cervical spine projection the central ray is directed

A

15-20 degrees cephalad

179
Q

for the AP lumbosacral spine projection, the central ray is directed to

A

L4

180
Q

the normal curvature of the sacrum and coccyx is

A

kyphosis

181
Q

for the AP axial sacrum position, the CR is angled

A

15 degrees cephalad

182
Q

the normal curvature of the lumbar spine is

A

lordosis

183
Q

for the AP true lumbar spine projection the central ray is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR

184
Q

the nose opt the scotty dog is formed by the

A

transverse process

185
Q

for the lateral thoracic spine position the patients MSP is rotated to

A

parallel to the IR

186
Q

the cervical view that benefits from a slight patient “ahh” during exposure is the

A

open mouth C1-2

187
Q

the most inferior portion of the coccyx is the

A

apex

188
Q

intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are best demonstrated on the

A

lateral view

189
Q

for the ap axial cervical spine projection the central ray is directed

A

15-20 cephalad

190
Q

for the lateral true lumbar spine position the central ray enters at the level of

A

L3

191
Q

when the patient is in the LPO position for an AP oblique projection SI joint we see the

A

right SI joint farthest from the IR

192
Q

ther cervical intervertebral foramina are best demonstrated by

A

AP axial oblique

193
Q

the respiration phase for imaging the lateral thoracic spine is

A

suspended inspiration or shallow breathing technique

194
Q

with an AP axial projection and the patient LPO the cervical intervertebral foramina visualized are the

A

right side farthest from the IR

195
Q

the horn like processes of the inferior sacrum are known as

A

cornu

196
Q

for the AP thoracic spine projection the central ray is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR

197
Q

for the AP lumbar spine position the patients MCP is rotated to

A

parallel to the IR

198
Q

with an AP axial projection and the patient RPO the cervical intervertebral foramina visualized are the

A

left side farthest from the IR

199
Q

for the lateral lumbar spine position the patents MCP is rotated to

A

perpendicular to the IR

200
Q

for the lateral cervical spine “grandy” projection the central ray is directed to the level of

A

C4

201
Q

for the ap axial cervical spine view must be demonstrated`

A

c3-t2

202
Q

for the lateral lumbosacral spine position the central ray enters at the level of

A

L4

203
Q

for the AP thoracic spine position the top of the image receptor is placed

A

1 1/2 inch above the shoulder

204
Q

when a male patents spine canont be fully straightened for a lateral lumbar view the CR is

A

angled 5 degrees caudal

205
Q

when the patient is in the RAO position for an AP oblique projection lumbar spine we see the

A

right facet joints closest to the IR

206
Q

the respiration phase for imaging the oblique lumbar spine is

A

suspended expiration

207
Q

for the AP axial oblique cervical spine position the patients MSP is rotated to

A

45 degrees from the IR

208
Q

the degree of rotation for oblique images of the lumbar spine is

A

45 degrees

209
Q

when the patient is in the LAO position for a PA oblique projection lumbar spine we see the

A

right facet joints farthest from the IR

210
Q

when a female patients spine cannot be fully straightened for a lateral lumbar view the CR is

A

angled 8 degrees caudal

211
Q

for the AP axial cervical spine position the patients MSP is rotated to

A

perpendicular to the IR

212
Q

the holes in the sacrum for the passage of nerves and nerve roots are known as the

A

sacral foramina

213
Q

for the AP axial (ferguson)view the central ray is directed to the level of

A

L5-S1

214
Q

or the PA axial oblique cervical spine projection the central ray is directed

A

15-20 degrees caudad

215
Q

for the AP true lumbar spine position the patients MSP is rotated

A

perpendicular to the IR

216
Q

The respiration phase for imaging the lateral lumbar spine is

A

suspended expiration

217
Q

for the AP axial (ferguson)view the central ray enters 1 1/2 inches above the

A

symphysis pubis

218
Q

the neck of the scotty dog is formed by the

A

pars interarticularis

219
Q

the cervical spine view that benefits from the patients suspended expiration is

A

lateral (grandy)

220
Q

for the AP axial Coccyx projection the central ray is directed

A

10 degrees caudal

221
Q

the eye of the scottie dog is formed by the

A

pedicle

222
Q

the vertebra that is located 1 1/2’ superior to the iliac crest is

A

L3

223
Q

The portion of the sacrum that articulates with the iliac bones is

A

the auricular surface.

224
Q

When the patient is in the RPO position for an AP oblique projection S/I joint

A

we see the left S/I joint farthest from the IR.

225
Q

For the AP axial Cervical projection the central ray is

A

directed to the level of C4.

226
Q

When the patient is in the LPO position for an AP oblique projection Lumbar spine we see

A

the left facet joints closest to the IR.

227
Q

For the lateral cervicothoracic “swimmer’s” projection the central ray is

A

directed to level C7-T1.

228
Q

For the lateral lumbar spine position the patient’s MSP is

A

rotated to parallel to the IR.

229
Q

With a PA axial projection and the patient LAO the cervical intervertebral foramina visualized are

A

the right side farthest from the IR.

230
Q

The foot of the “scotty dog” is formed by

A

the inferior articular process.

231
Q

The lateral cervical spine “grandy” view must demonstrate

A

sella turcica- T1

232
Q

When the patient is in the RPO position for an AP oblique projection lumbar spine we see

A

the Right facet joints closest to the IR.

233
Q

For the AP thoracic spine position the patient’s MSP is

A

rotated to perpendicular to the IR.

234
Q

For the lateral lumbar spine position the patient’s arms are

A

flexed in front of the body.

235
Q

For the AP dens Fuchs position of the cervical spine the central ray is

A

directed perpendicular to the IR.

236
Q

The respiration phase for imaging the AP thoracic spine is

A

suspended inspiration.

237
Q

For the AP open mouth C1-C2 cervical spine projection the central ray is

A

directed perpendicular to the IR.

238
Q

The superior anterior bony landmark of the sacrum is known as

A

the sacral promontory.

239
Q

The normal curvature of the thoracic spine is

A

kyphosis.

240
Q

For the lateral cervicothoracic swimmer’s position the patient’s MSP is

A

rotated to parallel to the IR.

241
Q

For an AP axial Ferguson view the central ray is

A

angled 30-35 degrees cephalad.

242
Q

For the PA axial oblique cervical spine position the patient’s MSP is

A

rotated to 45 degrees from the IR.

243
Q

The ear of the scotty dog is formed by

A

the superior articular process.

244
Q

For the lateral cervical spine (Grandy) view the central ray is

A

directed perpendicular to the IR.

245
Q

With a PA axial projection and the patient RAO the cervical intervertebral foramina visualized are

A

the right side closest to the IR.

246
Q

For the lateral thoracic spine projection the central ray is

A

directed perpendicular to the IR.

247
Q

For the AP true lumbar spine projection the central ray is

A

directed to L3.

248
Q

For the lateral thoracic spine position the top of the image receptor is

A

placed 1 ½ inches above the shoulder.

249
Q

For the lateral cervical spine “grandy” position the patient’s MSP is

A

rotated to parallel to the IR.

250
Q

For the lateral thoracic spine position the central ray enters

A

at the level of T7.

251
Q

For the lateral L5-S1 projection the CR is

A

directed to a point that is 2” posterior to ASIS and 1 ½” inferior to the iliac crest.

252
Q

For the lateral sacrum projection the CR is directed

A

to a point that is level of the ASIS and 3 ½” posterior to the ASIS.

253
Q

For the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine the CR is directed to a point that is

A

2” medial to the elevat4ed ASIS and 1 ½ above the iliac crest.

254
Q

For the AP projection oblique S/I joints the CR is

A

directed to a point that is 1” medial to the elevated ASIS.

255
Q

For the lateral coccyx projection the CR is directed

A

to a point that is 2” inferior to the ASIS, and 3 ½ posterior to the ASIS.

256
Q

The paranasal sinuses that are arranged in a series of air cells are the

A

ethmoids.

257
Q

For the lateral projection of the skull the central ray enters

A

2” superior to the EAM

258
Q

For the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the facial bones the CR is directed

A

to the level of the nasion.

259
Q

The vertical portion of the mandible is known as the

A

ramus.

260
Q

The schuller view is also known as the

A

SMV.

261
Q

For the PA projection of the skull the CR is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR.

262
Q

The petrous pyramids are a portion of the

A

temporal bone.

263
Q

The bridge of the nose is formed by bones known as

A

the nasal bones.

264
Q

Placing the nose and forehead against the image receptor is

A

the ballpark position for the PA skull.

265
Q

For the lateral projection of the skull the line perpendicular to the image receptor is

A

the interpupilary line (IPL).

266
Q

The bony process of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone is known as the

A

condylar process.

267
Q

For the AP Axial (Townes) view of the skull the CR enters

A

2 ½” above the glabella.

268
Q

For the PA projection of the skull the petrous ridges

A

should fill from 2/3 to all of the orbits.

269
Q

For the SMV projection of the sinuses the CR is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR (horizontal)

270
Q

For the lateral projection of the facial bones the CR is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR.

271
Q

The bone that makes up the majority of the lateral aspect of the skull is the

A

parietal.

272
Q

For the SMV view of the skull the CR enters

A

at the level of the gonions.

273
Q

The sinuses that vary the most in size and shape are the

A

frontals.

274
Q

For the AP Water’s trauma view the CR should be

A

parallel to the MML.

275
Q

For the PA Axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses the OML

A

is placed at an angle to the IR that is 15 degrees.

276
Q

For the lateral projection of the facial bones the CR should be

A

centered upon the zygoma.

277
Q

For the AP Axial (Towne’s) of the skull with the IOML perpendicular to the IR the CR is directed

A

37 degrees caudal.

278
Q

The external occipital protuberance (EOP) is also known as the

A

inion.

279
Q

For the lateral projection of the skull the plane parallel to the image receptor is

A

the midsagittal plane of head.

280
Q

For the PA axial Caldwell projection of the skull the petrous ridges

A

should fill the lower 1/3 of the orbits.

281
Q

The majority of the hard palate is formed by the

A

maxillary bone.

282
Q

For the AP projection of the skull the line perpendicular to the image receptor is the

A

OML

283
Q

For the PA axial Caldwell projection of the skull the Central ray should be directed

A

to the level of the nasion.

284
Q

The most lateral aspect of the eye’s opening is known as the

A

outer canthus.

285
Q

For the lateral projection of the skull the CR is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR.

286
Q

For the PA axial Haas projection of the skull the CR enters

A

1 ½” below the inion

287
Q

The angle of the mandible is also known as the

A

gonion.

288
Q

For the AP axial Townes of the skull with the OML perpendicular to the IR the CR is directed

A

30 degrees caudal.

289
Q

The cranial bone that contains the foramen magnum is the

A

occipital bone.

290
Q

For the AP axial (Reverse Caldwell) of the skull the CR is directed

A

15 degrees cephalic.

291
Q

The external acoustic meatus EAM is a portion of the

A

temporal bone.

292
Q

For the PA Caldwell projection of the skull the line perpendicular to the image receptor is the

A

OML.

293
Q

For the PA water’s projection of the sinuses the central ray is directed

A

to the level of the acanthion.

294
Q

The bones of the calvarium are comprised of the type of bone known as

A

flat bone.

295
Q

The view of the skull performed specifically to evaluate the frontal bone is the

A

PA skull.

296
Q

For the lateral projection of the sinuses the CR is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR.

297
Q

For the PA axial Caldwell projection of the skull the CR is directed

A

15 degrees caudal.

298
Q

The cranial landmark located at the most inferior aspect of the nose is known as the

A

acanthion.

299
Q

For the SMV projection of the skull the line parallel to the image receptor is the

A

IOML.

300
Q

The smaller portion of the hard palate is formed by the

A

palatine bones.

301
Q

The Haas method of the skull is used to replace the preferred

A

AP axial townes

302
Q

The frontal sinuses are well visualized on the

A

PA axial Caldwell.

303
Q

The sinuses demonstrated in the open mouth with PA water’s sinus projection are the

A

sphenoids.

304
Q

The anterior nasal spine (acanthion) is formed by the

A

maxillary bones.

305
Q

For the lateral projection of the sinuses the line perpendicular to the image receptor is the

A

interpupilary line- IPL.

306
Q

For the SMV view of the facial bones the CR passes through

A

1” posterior to the outer canthi.

307
Q

With the PA Water’s projection of the sinuses the petrous ridges should be seen

A

at the lower margins of maxillary sinus.

308
Q

The curved horizontal portion of the mandible is known as

A

the body.

309
Q

For the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses the CR is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR.

310
Q

For the PA Water’s projection of the facial bones the CR is directed

A

to the level of the acanthion.

311
Q

For the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull the CR is directed

A

25 degrees cephalic.

312
Q

The largest and most symmetric of the sinuses are the maxillary.

A

to the level of the nasion.

313
Q

For the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses the central ray is directed

A

to the level of the nasion.

314
Q

For the lateral projection of the skull the line parallel to the long axis of the IR is the

A

ioml.

315
Q

The paranasal sinus that is directly inferior to the sella turcica is the

A

sphenoid sinus.

316
Q

For the lateral projection of the sinuses the line parallel to the long axis of the IR is the

A

IOML.

317
Q

For the SMV projection of the sinuses the line parallel to the image receptor is the

A

IOML.

318
Q

The view of the skull performed specifically to evaluate the occipital bone is the

A

AP axial Townes view of the skull.

319
Q

For the PA projection of the skull the line perpendicular to the image receptor is the

A

OML.

320
Q

The sphenoid sinuses are well visualized on the

A

lateral skull and SMV schullers.

321
Q

The sinus projection that best demonstrates the frontal sinuses is the

A

PA axial (Caldwell)

322
Q

For the PA mandible projection to visualize the mandibular body the CR passes through

A

the mid-lips.

323
Q

For the SMV projection of the facial bones the line parallel to the image receptor is the

A

IOML.

324
Q

All of the following facial bones are paired:

A

lacrimal, nasal, and zygoma.

325
Q

For the lateral projection of the facial bones the central ray enters between

A

the outer canthus and EAM.

326
Q

The bony structure known as the sella turcica belongs to the

A

sphenoid bone.

327
Q

For the lateral projection of the facial bones the plane parallel to the image receptor is the

A

midsagittal plane of head.

328
Q

The view of the skull performed specifically to evaluate the cranial base is the

A

SMV.

329
Q

For the AP projection of the skull the CR is directed

A

perpendicular to the IR.

330
Q

The skull position that best demonstrates the sella turcica in profile is

A

the lateral.

331
Q

For the PA projection of the skull the central ray is directed

A

to the level of the nasion.

332
Q

For the axial oblique projection of the mandible the CR is directed

A

cephalad 25 degrees.

333
Q

For the lateral projection of the sinuses the central ray enters

A

1 inch posterior to the outer canthus.

334
Q

For the PA axial Caldwell projection of the sinuses the petrous ridges

A

should fill the lower 1/3 of the orbits.

335
Q

For the PA Water’s projection of the facial bones the CR is

A

directed perpendicular to the IR.

336
Q

For the lateral projection of the sinuses the plane parallel to the image receptor is the

A

midsagittal plane of head.

337
Q

For the SMV projection of the sinuses the plane that is

A

perpendicular to the image receptor is the MSP.

338
Q

For the SMV projection of the sinuses the CR enters the

A

¾” anterior to the EAM.

339
Q

The cranial landmark located at the articulation of the frontal and nasal bones is known as the

A

nasion.

340
Q

The sinus projection that best demonstrates the maxillary sinuses is the

A

PA waters.

341
Q

The sinuses that are of primary importance with the lateral projection are the

A

sphenoids.

342
Q

The portion of the ethmoids bone that helps to form the nasal septum is the

A

perpendicular plate.

343
Q

The mandibular fossa is a portion of the

A

temporal bone.

344
Q

For the lateral projection of the facial bones the line parallel to the long axis of the IR is the

A

IOML.

SEM II - Positioning (5 decks)

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