Skull development

Question 1

what are the 5 mesenchymal prominences?

Answer 1

2 mandibular
2 maxillary
frontonasal

Question 2

what does the frontonasal prominence become?

Answer 2

2 lateral and medial nasal prominences

Question 3

how does the frontonasal prominence become the lateral and medial prominences?

Answer 3

2 nasal pits develop and ventrolateral aspects

Question 4

what do the mandibular prominences become?

Answer 4

mandible
lower lip

Question 5

what do the maxillary prominences fuse with?

Answer 5

lateral nasal prominences

Question 6

what fuses to form the nasolacrimal groove?

Answer 6

maxillary prominences
lateral nasal prominences

Question 7

what does the nasolacrimal groove become?

Answer 7

nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac

Question 8

what pushes the medial nasal prominences together?

Answer 8

maxillary prominences

Question 9

what do the medial nasal prominences form?

Answer 9

philtrum and midline nose

Question 10

what does the superior frontonasal prominence form?

Answer 10

forehead
bridge of nose

Question 11

what does the inferior frontonasal prominence form?

Answer 11

allows fusion of the medial nasal processes

Question 12

what does the lateral nasal prominence form?

Answer 12

alae of nose

Question 13

what do the maxillary prominences form?

Answer 13

cheeks
lateral upper lip

Question 14

how do facial anomalies come about?

Answer 14

disruption of devlopment to any facial prominences

Question 15

what results in hare lip?

Answer 15

fusion failure of maxillary and medial nasal prominences

Question 16

what results in oblique facial cleft?

Answer 16

fusion failure of maxillary and lateral nasal prominences

Question 17

what results in macrostomia?

Answer 17

incomplete merging of maxillary and mandibular prominences

Question 18

what results in median cleft lip?

Answer 18

incomplete fusion of medial nasal prominences

Question 19

what results in frontonasal dysplasia?

Answer 19

hyperplasia of inferior frontonasal prominences
which prevents fusion of medial nasal prominences

Question 20

what does neural crest mesenchyme become?

Answer 20

Visceroscranium
hyoid bone
laryngeal cartilage

Question 21

where is the viscerocranium derived from?

Answer 21

neural crest mesenchyme

Question 22

what process creates the viscerocranium?

Answer 22

membranous ossification

Question 23

where is the hyoid bone derived from?

Answer 23

neural crest mesenchyme which becomes pharyngeal arches 2 and 3

Question 24

where is the laryngeal cartilage derived from?

Answer 24

neural crest mesenchyme which becomes pharyngeal arches 4 and 6

Question 25

what does the paraxial mesoderm become?

Answer 25

chondrocranium
neurocranium

Question 26

where is the chondrocranium derived from?

Answer 26

paraxial mesoderm

Question 27

where is the neurocranium derived from?

Answer 27

paraxial mesoderm

Question 28

what process forms chondrocranium from paraxial mesoderm?

Answer 28

endochondral ossification

Question 29

what process forms neurocranium from paraxial mesoderm?

Answer 29

membranous ossification

Question 30

what sutures mark the site of the posterior fontanelle?

Answer 30

lambdoid
sagittal

Question 31

when do the lambdoid and sagittal sutures close?

Answer 31

3-6 months postnatally

Question 32

what sutures mark the site of the anterior fontanelle?

Answer 32

sagittal
coronal
frontal

Question 33

when do the sagittal coronal and frontal sutures close?

Answer 33

1.5-2 years postnatally