Skull development Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 mesenchymal prominences?

A

2 mandibular
2 maxillary
frontonasal

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2
Q

what does the frontonasal prominence become?

A

2 lateral and medial nasal prominences

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3
Q

how does the frontonasal prominence become the lateral and medial prominences?

A

2 nasal pits develop and ventrolateral aspects

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4
Q

what do the mandibular prominences become?

A

mandible
lower lip

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5
Q

what do the maxillary prominences fuse with?

A

lateral nasal prominences

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6
Q

what fuses to form the nasolacrimal groove?

A

maxillary prominences
lateral nasal prominences

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7
Q

what does the nasolacrimal groove become?

A

nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac

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8
Q

what pushes the medial nasal prominences together?

A

maxillary prominences

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9
Q

what do the medial nasal prominences form?

A

philtrum and midline nose

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10
Q

what does the superior frontonasal prominence form?

A

forehead
bridge of nose

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11
Q

what does the inferior frontonasal prominence form?

A

allows fusion of the medial nasal processes

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12
Q

what does the lateral nasal prominence form?

A

alae of nose

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13
Q

what do the maxillary prominences form?

A

cheeks
lateral upper lip

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14
Q

how do facial anomalies come about?

A

disruption of devlopment to any facial prominences

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15
Q

what results in hare lip?

A

fusion failure of maxillary and medial nasal prominences

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16
Q

what results in oblique facial cleft?

A

fusion failure of maxillary and lateral nasal prominences

17
Q

what results in macrostomia?

A

incomplete merging of maxillary and mandibular prominences

18
Q

what results in median cleft lip?

A

incomplete fusion of medial nasal prominences

19
Q

what results in frontonasal dysplasia?

A

hyperplasia of inferior frontonasal prominences
which prevents fusion of medial nasal prominences

20
Q

what does neural crest mesenchyme become?

A

Visceroscranium
hyoid bone
laryngeal cartilage

21
Q

where is the viscerocranium derived from?

A

neural crest mesenchyme

22
Q

what process creates the viscerocranium?

A

membranous ossification

23
Q

where is the hyoid bone derived from?

A

neural crest mesenchyme which becomes pharyngeal arches 2 and 3

24
Q

where is the laryngeal cartilage derived from?

A

neural crest mesenchyme which becomes pharyngeal arches 4 and 6

25
what does the paraxial mesoderm become?
chondrocranium neurocranium
26
where is the chondrocranium derived from?
paraxial mesoderm
27
where is the neurocranium derived from?
paraxial mesoderm
28
what process forms chondrocranium from paraxial mesoderm?
endochondral ossification
29
what process forms neurocranium from paraxial mesoderm?
membranous ossification
30
what sutures mark the site of the posterior fontanelle?
lambdoid sagittal
31
when do the lambdoid and sagittal sutures close?
3-6 months postnatally
32
what sutures mark the site of the anterior fontanelle?
sagittal coronal frontal
33
when do the sagittal coronal and frontal sutures close?
1.5-2 years postnatally