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Module 4 - craniofacial skull > Development and Disorder > Flashcards

Development and Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

describe developmental biology

A

the study of the processes by which organs grow and develop

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2
Q

what is the process in which an undifferentiated cell is instructed by specific organisers to produce a morphogenic effect?

A

induction

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3
Q

what state are stem cells in?

A

undifferentiated

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4
Q

when is the preimplantation period?

A

first week

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5
Q

when is the embryonic period?

A

week 2-8

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6
Q

when is the fetal period?

A

week 3- month 9

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7
Q

what events occur during preimplantation?

A

fertilisation
implantation

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8
Q

what events occur during the embryonic week?

A

induction
proliferation
differentiation
morphogenesis
maturation

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9
Q

what events occur during fetal period?

A

maturation

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10
Q

what is the action of one group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue?

A

induction

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11
Q

what is controlled cellular growth and accumulation of byproducts?

A

proliferation

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12
Q

what is the change in identical embryonic cells to become distinct structurally and functionally?

A

differentiation

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13
Q

what is the development of specific tissue structure or differing form dye to embryonic cell migration or proliferation and inductive interactions?

A

morphogenesis

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14
Q

what is the attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis?

A

maturation

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15
Q

what physiologic processes/ spatial and temporal events occur during the embryonic period?

A

patterning

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16
Q

during the embryonic period, what develops into an embryo?

A

the blastocyst

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17
Q

what is the cystodifferentiation?

A

development of different cell types

18
Q

what is histodifferentiation?

A

development of different histologic tissue types within a structure

19
Q

what is morphodifferentiation?

A

development of differing morphology which makes up its structure or shape, for each organ or system

20
Q

what is morphogenesis?

A

development of specific tissue structure or shape

21
Q

when does an embryo become recognizable?

A

week 8 of prenatal development

22
Q

when do the embryonic cell layers (germ layers) appear within the blastocyst?

A

second week of prenatal development

23
Q

where does the ectoderm originate?

A

epiblast layer

24
Q

where does the mesoderm originate?

A

migrating cells from epiblast layer

25
Q

where does the endoderm originate?

A

migrating cells from epiblast layer

26
Q

where do neural crest cells originate?

A

migrating neuroectoderm

27
Q

what does the ectoderm form?

A

epidermis - sensory epithelium of eyes, ears, nose, NS, and neural crest cells; mammary and cutaneous glands.

28
Q

what does the mesoderm form?

A

dermis, muscle, bone, lymphatics, blood cells and bone marrow, cartilage, reproductive, and excretory organs.

29
Q

what does the endoderm form?

A

respiratory and digestive system linings, liver, pancreatic cells.

30
Q

what do neural crest cells form?

A

components of NS pigment cells, connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and certain dental tissue

31
Q

what forms week 2, and is a circular plate of bilayered cells?

A

bilaminar embryonic disc

32
Q

what does the bilaminar disc thicken to become in week3?

A

trilaminar embryonic disc

33
Q

what layers does the trilaminar disc form?

A

mesoderm
embryonic endoderm
ectoderm

34
Q

when does the epiblast layer become considered as the ectoderm?

A

week 3

35
Q

what happens to the embryonic disc during week4?

A

embryonic folding

36
Q

what does embryonic folding result in?

A

proper tissue type position

37
Q

what type of interactions occur after week4?

A

dynamic, reciprocal, and sequential

38
Q

what general types of phenomena are tissue interactions associated with?

A

instructive
permissive

39
Q

during organogenesis, how is organ rudiment formed?

A

morphogenesis and proliferation

40
Q

during organogenesis, how are organ specific structures formed?

A

differentiation

41
Q

what is required for palatal shelves to fuse?

A

TGF B3

42
Q

when TGF B3 is knocked out, what is not produced?

A

hylauronic acid - HAS1

Module 4 - craniofacial skull (12 decks)

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