Development and Disorder Flashcards
describe developmental biology
the study of the processes by which organs grow and develop
what is the process in which an undifferentiated cell is instructed by specific organisers to produce a morphogenic effect?
induction
what state are stem cells in?
undifferentiated
when is the preimplantation period?
first week
when is the embryonic period?
week 2-8
when is the fetal period?
week 3- month 9
what events occur during preimplantation?
fertilisation
implantation
what events occur during the embryonic week?
induction
proliferation
differentiation
morphogenesis
maturation
what events occur during fetal period?
maturation
what is the action of one group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue?
induction
what is controlled cellular growth and accumulation of byproducts?
proliferation
what is the change in identical embryonic cells to become distinct structurally and functionally?
differentiation
what is the development of specific tissue structure or differing form dye to embryonic cell migration or proliferation and inductive interactions?
morphogenesis
what is the attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis?
maturation
what physiologic processes/ spatial and temporal events occur during the embryonic period?
patterning
during the embryonic period, what develops into an embryo?
the blastocyst
what is the cystodifferentiation?
development of different cell types
what is histodifferentiation?
development of different histologic tissue types within a structure
what is morphodifferentiation?
development of differing morphology which makes up its structure or shape, for each organ or system
what is morphogenesis?
development of specific tissue structure or shape
when does an embryo become recognizable?
week 8 of prenatal development
when do the embryonic cell layers (germ layers) appear within the blastocyst?
second week of prenatal development
where does the ectoderm originate?
epiblast layer
where does the mesoderm originate?
migrating cells from epiblast layer
where does the endoderm originate?
migrating cells from epiblast layer
where do neural crest cells originate?
migrating neuroectoderm
what does the ectoderm form?
epidermis - sensory epithelium of eyes, ears, nose, NS, and neural crest cells; mammary and cutaneous glands.
what does the mesoderm form?
dermis, muscle, bone, lymphatics, blood cells and bone marrow, cartilage, reproductive, and excretory organs.
what does the endoderm form?
respiratory and digestive system linings, liver, pancreatic cells.
what do neural crest cells form?
components of NS pigment cells, connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and certain dental tissue
what forms week 2, and is a circular plate of bilayered cells?
bilaminar embryonic disc
what does the bilaminar disc thicken to become in week3?
trilaminar embryonic disc
what layers does the trilaminar disc form?
mesoderm
embryonic endoderm
ectoderm
when does the epiblast layer become considered as the ectoderm?
week 3
what happens to the embryonic disc during week4?
embryonic folding
what does embryonic folding result in?
proper tissue type position
what type of interactions occur after week4?
dynamic, reciprocal, and sequential
what general types of phenomena are tissue interactions associated with?
instructive
permissive
during organogenesis, how is organ rudiment formed?
morphogenesis and proliferation
during organogenesis, how are organ specific structures formed?
differentiation
what is required for palatal shelves to fuse?
TGF B3
when TGF B3 is knocked out, what is not produced?
hylauronic acid - HAS1
