Development and Disorder

Question 1

describe developmental biology

Answer 1

the study of the processes by which organs grow and develop

Question 2

what is the process in which an undifferentiated cell is instructed by specific organisers to produce a morphogenic effect?

Answer 2

induction

Question 3

what state are stem cells in?

Answer 3

undifferentiated

Question 4

when is the preimplantation period?

Answer 4

first week

Question 5

when is the embryonic period?

Answer 5

week 2-8

Question 6

when is the fetal period?

Answer 6

week 3- month 9

Question 7

what events occur during preimplantation?

Answer 7

fertilisation
implantation

Question 8

what events occur during the embryonic week?

Answer 8

induction
proliferation
differentiation
morphogenesis
maturation

Question 9

what events occur during fetal period?

Answer 9

maturation

Question 10

what is the action of one group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue?

Answer 10

induction

Question 11

what is controlled cellular growth and accumulation of byproducts?

Answer 11

proliferation

Question 12

what is the change in identical embryonic cells to become distinct structurally and functionally?

Answer 12

differentiation

Question 13

what is the development of specific tissue structure or differing form dye to embryonic cell migration or proliferation and inductive interactions?

Answer 13

morphogenesis

Question 14

what is the attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis?

Answer 14

maturation

Question 15

what physiologic processes/ spatial and temporal events occur during the embryonic period?

Answer 15

patterning

Question 16

during the embryonic period, what develops into an embryo?

Answer 16

the blastocyst

Question 17

what is the cystodifferentiation?

Answer 17

development of different cell types

Question 18

what is histodifferentiation?

Answer 18

development of different histologic tissue types within a structure

Question 19

what is morphodifferentiation?

Answer 19

development of differing morphology which makes up its structure or shape, for each organ or system

Question 20

what is morphogenesis?

Answer 20

development of specific tissue structure or shape

Question 21

when does an embryo become recognizable?

Answer 21

week 8 of prenatal development

Question 22

when do the embryonic cell layers (germ layers) appear within the blastocyst?

Answer 22

second week of prenatal development

Question 23

where does the ectoderm originate?

Answer 23

epiblast layer

Question 24

where does the mesoderm originate?

Answer 24

migrating cells from epiblast layer

Question 25

where does the endoderm originate?

Answer 25

migrating cells from epiblast layer

Question 26

where do neural crest cells originate?

Answer 26

migrating neuroectoderm

Question 27

what does the ectoderm form?

Answer 27

epidermis - sensory epithelium of eyes, ears, nose, NS, and neural crest cells; mammary and cutaneous glands.

Question 28

what does the mesoderm form?

Answer 28

dermis, muscle, bone, lymphatics, blood cells and bone marrow, cartilage, reproductive, and excretory organs.

Question 29

what does the endoderm form?

Answer 29

respiratory and digestive system linings, liver, pancreatic cells.

Question 30

what do neural crest cells form?

Answer 30

components of NS pigment cells, connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and certain dental tissue

Question 31

what forms week 2, and is a circular plate of bilayered cells?

Answer 31

bilaminar embryonic disc

Question 32

what does the bilaminar disc thicken to become in week3?

Answer 32

trilaminar embryonic disc

Question 33

what layers does the trilaminar disc form?

Answer 33

mesoderm embryonic endoderm ectoderm

Question 34

when does the epiblast layer become considered as the ectoderm?

Answer 34

week 3

Question 35

what happens to the embryonic disc during week4?

Answer 35

embryonic folding

Question 36

what does embryonic folding result in?

Answer 36

proper tissue type position

Question 37

what type of interactions occur after week4?

Answer 37

dynamic, reciprocal, and sequential

Question 38

what general types of phenomena are tissue interactions associated with?

Answer 38

instructive permissive

Question 39

during organogenesis, how is organ rudiment formed?

Answer 39

morphogenesis and proliferation

Question 40

during organogenesis, how are organ specific structures formed?

Answer 40

differentiation

Question 41

what is required for palatal shelves to fuse?

Answer 41

TGF B3

Question 42

when TGF B3 is knocked out, what is not produced?

Answer 42

hylauronic acid - HAS1