Skull and Vasculature of the Brain Lab

Question 1

how are the bones of the skull formed

Answer 1

both intramembranous and endchondral ossification

Question 2

fontanelles- posterior and anterior

Answer 2

“soft spots” where the bones of the skull have not fused yet in an infant. allows growth

posterior- occipital bone and parietal bones

anterior- frontal and parietal bones

Question 3

sutures

Answer 3

fibrous joints between the bones of the skll

Question 4

calvaria vs cranium

Answer 4

frontal, parietal, and occipital bones

frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal bones

Question 5

coronal suture

Answer 5

parietal/frontal

Question 6

sagittal suture

Answer 6

parietal/parietal

Question 7

lambdoid suture

Answer 7

occipital/parietal

Question 8

bregma

Answer 8

intersectoin of sagittal and coronal sutures

Question 9

lambda

Answer 9

intersection of sagittal and lambdoid sutures

Question 10

sphenoid bone

Answer 10

butterfly shaped bone at the center of the skull. greater and lesser wings, and holds pituitary gland

Question 11

zygomatic process

Answer 11

process of the temporal bone that articulates with zygomatic bones

Question 12

external acoustic meatus

Answer 12

canal in the temporal bone that forms part of the external ear

Question 13

mastoid process

Answer 13

rounded process on the temporal bone posterior to the auricle of the ear, sit of muscle attachment

Question 14

gabella

Answer 14

flat portion of the frontal bone between the orbits

Question 15

nasal bones

Answer 15

paired bones that form the bridge of the superior nose

Question 16

maxillae

Answer 16

paired bones located in the midportion of the facial skeleton

Question 17

zygomatic bones

Answer 17

cheek bones

Question 18

mandible

Answer 18

bone of the lower jaw

Question 19

mental protuberance

Answer 19

prominence at the midpoint of the mandible (chin)

Question 20

supraorbital foramen

Answer 20

opening in the superior orbit that conveys the supraorbital nerve and vessels (may be a notch)

Question 21

infraorbital foramen

Answer 21

opening in the maxilla inferior to the orbit w/ infraorbital nerve and vessesls

Question 22

mental foramen

Answer 22

opening in anterior mandible that conveys the mental nerves and vessels

Question 23

occipital condylesq

Answer 23

two rounded prominences on inferior occipital bone that articulate w/ atlas

Question 24

3 structures that travel through the foramen magnum

Answer 24

brainstem/spine, vertebral arteries, CNXI (accessory)

Question 25

styloid processes

Answer 25

project from inferior temporal bone, attachment site for muscles/ligaments

Question 26

stylomastoid foramen

Answer 26

found between the mastoid and styloid processes, the facial nerve (VII) travel here

Question 27

mandibular fossa

Answer 27

shallow fossa on temporal bone where mandibular condyle articulates

Question 28

what cranial nerves travel through the jugular foramen

Answer 28

CN IX, X, and XI

Question 29

hard palate

Answer 29

bony portion of the palate comprised of maxillae and palantine bones

Question 30

what structure separates the anterior and middle fossa?

Answer 30

lesser wing of the sphenoid

Question 31

what structure separates the middle and posterior fossas?

Answer 31

petrous ridge

Question 32

crista galli

Answer 32

structure in midline anterior fossa where the falx cerebri attaches

Question 33

cribiform plate

Answer 33

found in the midline anterior fossa, forms the roof of the nasal cavity. has openings that allow olfactory nerves to pass into nasal cavity

Question 34

roof of the orbit

Answer 34

prominences in the anterior fossa above each orbit

Question 35

where do the passages in the cribiform plate lead?

Answer 35

nasal cavity

Question 36

hypophyseal fossa

Answer 36

depression in the sphenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland

Question 37

superior orbital fissure

Answer 37

crack between greater and lesser sphenoid wings that allows communication between middle cranial fossa and orbit

Question 38

foramen rotundum

Answer 38

conveys the maxillary division of CN V (facial)

Question 39

foramen ovale

Answer 39

conveys the mandibular division of CN V (facial)

Question 40

foramen spinosum

Answer 40

conveys middle meningeal artery

Question 41

carotid canal

Answer 41

conveys internal carotid

Question 42

optic canal

Answer 42

conveys opthalmic artery and optic nerve

Question 43

hypoglossal canal

Answer 43

found on the rim of the foramen magnum, conveys CNXII after it leaves the brainstem

Question 44

internal acoustic meatus

Answer 44

foramen on the posterior petrous part of temporal bone, communicates w/ internal ear

Question 45

grooves for the transverse and sigmoid sinus

Answer 45

grooves on internal surface of the occipital/temporal bones that convey the transverse and sigmoid sinuses

Question 46

middle meningeal artery

Answer 46

travels between the outer layer of the dura and calvaria, supplying both structures damage leads to epidural hematoma

Question 47

arachnoid granulations

Answer 47

sites of CSF resorption- movement of the CSF from the subarachnoid space into the blood

Question 48

longitudinal fissure

Answer 48

interval between the 2 hemispheres

Question 49

cerebral veins

Answer 49

"bridging veins" veins that drain blood from the brain and transport it to dural venous sinuses. located in the subarachnoid space and must penetrate the arachnoid and inner dura to reach the sinuses

Question 50

falx cerebri

Answer 50

fold of dura that extends between cerebral hemispheres containing the inferior and superior sagittal sinuses

Question 51

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 51

horizontal fold of dura between posterior cerebrum and cerebellum contains transverse sinus and petrosal sinus

Question 52

confluence of sinuses

Answer 52

deep to occipital bone where straight, superior sagittal, transverse, and occipital sinuses meet

Question 53

cavernous sinuses

Answer 53

dural sinuses located on either side of the hypophyseal fossa

Question 54

what arteries supply the brain

Answer 54

2 vertebral and 2 internal carotid

Question 55

anterior choroidal artery

Answer 55

arises from internal carotid before bifricating into anterior and middle cerebral arteries, travels dorsally w/ optic tract

Question 56

anterior spinal artery

Answer 56

arises from rostral vertebral arteries, contributes blood to brainstem and spinal cord

Question 57

where is the posterior perforated substance?

Answer 57

interpenduncular fossa

Question 58

lenticulostriate arteries

Answer 58

perforating branches of the middle cerebral arteries