Skull and Vasculature of the Brain Lab Flashcards
how are the bones of the skull formed
both intramembranous and endchondral ossification
fontanelles- posterior and anterior
“soft spots” where the bones of the skull have not fused yet in an infant. allows growth
posterior- occipital bone and parietal bones
anterior- frontal and parietal bones
sutures
fibrous joints between the bones of the skll
calvaria vs cranium
frontal, parietal, and occipital bones
frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal bones
coronal suture
parietal/frontal
sagittal suture
parietal/parietal
lambdoid suture
occipital/parietal
bregma
intersectoin of sagittal and coronal sutures
lambda
intersection of sagittal and lambdoid sutures
sphenoid bone
butterfly shaped bone at the center of the skull. greater and lesser wings, and holds pituitary gland
zygomatic process
process of the temporal bone that articulates with zygomatic bones
external acoustic meatus
canal in the temporal bone that forms part of the external ear
mastoid process
rounded process on the temporal bone posterior to the auricle of the ear, sit of muscle attachment
gabella
flat portion of the frontal bone between the orbits
nasal bones
paired bones that form the bridge of the superior nose
maxillae
paired bones located in the midportion of the facial skeleton
zygomatic bones
cheek bones
mandible
bone of the lower jaw
mental protuberance
prominence at the midpoint of the mandible (chin)
supraorbital foramen
opening in the superior orbit that conveys the supraorbital nerve and vessels (may be a notch)
infraorbital foramen
opening in the maxilla inferior to the orbit w/ infraorbital nerve and vessesls
mental foramen
opening in anterior mandible that conveys the mental nerves and vessels
occipital condylesq
two rounded prominences on inferior occipital bone that articulate w/ atlas
3 structures that travel through the foramen magnum
brainstem/spine, vertebral arteries, CNXI (accessory)
styloid processes
project from inferior temporal bone, attachment site for muscles/ligaments
stylomastoid foramen
found between the mastoid and styloid processes, the facial nerve (VII) travel here
mandibular fossa
shallow fossa on temporal bone where mandibular condyle articulates
what cranial nerves travel through the jugular foramen
CN IX, X, and XI
hard palate
bony portion of the palate comprised of maxillae and palantine bones
what structure separates the anterior and middle fossa?
lesser wing of the sphenoid
what structure separates the middle and posterior fossas?
petrous ridge
crista galli
structure in midline anterior fossa where the falx cerebri attaches
cribiform plate
found in the midline anterior fossa, forms the roof of the nasal cavity. has openings that allow olfactory nerves to pass into nasal cavity
roof of the orbit
prominences in the anterior fossa above each orbit
where do the passages in the cribiform plate lead?
nasal cavity
hypophyseal fossa
depression in the sphenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland
superior orbital fissure
crack between greater and lesser sphenoid wings that allows communication between middle cranial fossa and orbit
foramen rotundum
conveys the maxillary division of CN V (facial)
foramen ovale
conveys the mandibular division of CN V (facial)
foramen spinosum
conveys middle meningeal artery
carotid canal
conveys internal carotid
optic canal
conveys opthalmic artery and optic nerve
hypoglossal canal
found on the rim of the foramen magnum, conveys CNXII after it leaves the brainstem
internal acoustic meatus
foramen on the posterior petrous part of temporal bone, communicates w/ internal ear
grooves for the transverse and sigmoid sinus
grooves on internal surface of the occipital/temporal bones that convey the transverse and sigmoid sinuses
middle meningeal artery
travels between the outer layer of the dura and calvaria, supplying both structures
damage leads to epidural hematoma
arachnoid granulations
sites of CSF resorption- movement of the CSF from the subarachnoid space into the blood
longitudinal fissure
interval between the 2 hemispheres
cerebral veins
“bridging veins” veins that drain blood from the brain and transport it to dural venous sinuses. located in the subarachnoid space and must penetrate the arachnoid and inner dura to reach the sinuses
falx cerebri
fold of dura that extends between cerebral hemispheres containing the inferior and superior sagittal sinuses
tentorium cerebelli
horizontal fold of dura between posterior cerebrum and cerebellum
contains transverse sinus and petrosal sinus
confluence of sinuses
deep to occipital bone where straight, superior sagittal, transverse, and occipital sinuses meet
cavernous sinuses
dural sinuses located on either side of the hypophyseal fossa
what arteries supply the brain
2 vertebral and 2 internal carotid
anterior choroidal artery
arises from internal carotid before bifricating into anterior and middle cerebral arteries, travels dorsally w/ optic tract
anterior spinal artery
arises from rostral vertebral arteries, contributes blood to brainstem and spinal cord
where is the posterior perforated substance?
interpenduncular fossa
lenticulostriate arteries
perforating branches of the middle cerebral arteries
