What are the 5 layers of the scalp? outermost to innermost
SCALP
- Skin : Contains sebaceous glands and hair follicles
- Connective tissue: Contains nerves and vessels of the scalp
- Aponeurosis (galeal): Tough layer of dense fibrous tissue
- Loose areolar tissues : Contains emissary veins which pass into cranium
- Periosteum: Dense connective tissue covering outer skull surface
What arteries supply what sinus
opthalmic artery - frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoid
maxillary artery - maxillary
What sinus is most likely to get sinusitis
maxillary
What nerves innervate the maxillary sinus?
posterior, middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves (from the trigeminal nerves)
what goes through the internal acoustic meatus?
- facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve
What passes through the foramen magnum?
Brainstem/spinal cord, vertebral arteries
What cranial foraminae are found in the posterior cranial fossa?
- internal acoustic
- foramen magnnum
- jugular foramen
- hypoglossal canal
What passes through foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
What nerves passes through the foramen ovale?
- Mandibular
What passes through the superior orbital fissure?
- Occulomotor
- trochlear
- opthalmic
- abducens
What passes through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary (trigeminal nerve V2)
What cranial foraminae can be found in the middle cranial fossa?
Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum (the other side is at the back of the orbit) Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum
What three important elements can you seen in the anterior cranial fossa?
1) Cribriform plate - full of little holes
2) olfactory nerve so trauma=loss of smell
3) optic nerve passes through the optic canal
What is found in the posterior cranial fossa?
brainstem and cerebellum
What does the middle cranial fossa contain
temporal lobes of brain and pituitary gland
What does the anterior cranial fossa contain?
frontal lobes
Where is the pterion? And what artery can be found there? so what happen if a person received a traumatic blow to the pterion
on the side, found at the junction of frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones. Anterior division of the meningeal artery (branch of maxillary artery) lies under. Blow = rupture the artery
What does the squamous suture seperate?
parietal bone and temporal bone
What are the different branches of external carotid artery?
Some Anatomist like freaking out poor medical students
- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What are the 3 main blood supply to the scalp? and where do they branch from?
- superficial temporal : runs along temporal bone
- occipital
- posterior auricular
Branches of external carotid artery
What are the layers of the fossae of cranial cavity? After cranial bones, outermost to innermost
- cranial bones
- epidural space (site of epidural hepatoma)
- periosteal dura mater
- meningeal dura mater
- subdural space (site of subdural hematoma)
- Arahnoid mater
- subarhnoid space (filled with CSF)
- pia mater
What fluid is found in the subarachnoid space?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What part of the thalamus is responsible for visual signals?
Lateral geniculate nucleus
What part of the thalamus is responsible for auditory signals?
medial geniculate nucleus
