Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

General observations and organ responses seen in sympathetic response around the body?

• pupil
• saliva
• heart rate
• gut
• vessles
• Lungs
• Adrenal medulla

Answer 1

Pupil : dilates

Saliva: secretion reduced

Heart: increased rate and increased forced

Gut: decreased Motility & secretion

Vessels: general vasoconstriction

Lungs: airway dilation

Adrenal medulla: Preganglionic fibres

From CNS release ACh which stimulates release of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

Question 2

General observations and responses in organs seen in para- sympathetic response around the bosy?

• pupil
• saliva
• heart rate
• gut
• Lungs
• adrenal medulla

Answer 2

Pupil : constricts
Saliva: secretion increases
Heart: decreased rate 
Gut: increased Motility & secretion
Vessels: NOT CONNECTED!
Lungs: Constriction
adrenal medulla: NOTHING

Question 3

What are the neurones of CNS that regulates the effects of AND to the autonomic ganglia neurons? - parasympathetic

Answer 3

Brain (visceral nuclei at hypothalamus)- brain stem (autonomic neuron)- down spinal cord to autonomic ganglia (visceral nuclei of autonomic ganglia) - visceral effectors

Question 4

What are the neurones of CNS that regulates the effects of AND to the autonomic ganglia neurons? - sympathetic

Answer 4

brain (visceral nuclei at hypothalamus) - through brain stem to spinal cord (signal with autonomic neuron)- viscerla nuclei of autonomic ganglia - visceral effectors

Question 5

What is the structural difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic?

Answer 5

P - longer preganglionic fibre than postganglionic fibre.

s- short preganglionic fibre than postganglionic

Question 6

What is the transmitter at all autonomic ganglia?

preganglionic fibres

Answer 6

Acetylcholine

Question 7

What transmitter does the parasympathetic postganglionic fibres release?

Answer 7

acetylcholine

Question 8

What transmitter does the sympathetic postganglionic fibres release?

Answer 8

Noradrenaline most times
BUT
Ach: sweat glands, skeletal muscles and blood vessels
NO: Erectile tissues
Postulated: substance P, serotonin, ATP plus others

Question 9

Whats receptors relays information on both pathways?

Answer 9

• nicotinic/ionotropic receptors

Question 10

What receptors receives information in parasympathetic system?

Answer 10

• Muscarinic/metatropic

Question 11

What receptors receives information in the sympathetic system?

Answer 11

Andregenic receptors

Question 12

What parts of the spine is involved in the sympathetic system?

Answer 12

Thoracic and Lumbar

Question 13

What parts of the CNS is involved in the parasympathetic system?

Answer 13

Cranial

sacral spinal vertebrae

Question 14

What are the two types of cholergenic receptors

Answer 14

Muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 15

What are the 3 types of cholinergic agonists?

Answer 15

1) Direct acting
2) Indirect acting reversible
3) Indirect acting Irreversible

Question 16

What sort of cholergenic agonists treat gravis?

Answer 16

Indirect acting reversible:

1) Endrophonium
2) Ncostigmine

Question 17

Give two examples of direct cholegeneric agonist? and what do they do?

Answer 17

1) Acetlycholine - decrease HR, cardiac output, BP and increase gut molitiy
2) Carbachol - for eye and reduce intraoccular pressure

Question 18

Examples of indirect acting irreversible cholegeneric agoints? and what does it treat

Answer 18

Echothiphate - treat open angle gaulcoma

Another example is sarin gas

Question 19

What are some of the adverse affect of cholegeneric agonist?

Answer 19

diarohhoea, urination, miosis, muscle weakness

And more

DUMBELLS