Skull and Cranial Cavity

Question 1

Name the bones forming the anterior aspect of the skull

Answer 1

Frontal bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Nasal bone
Mandible

Question 2

Name the bones forming the lateral aspect of the skull

Answer 2

Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
Zygomatic bone
Sphenoid bone
Maxilla
Nasal bone
Mandible

Question 3

Describe the location of the pterion

Answer 3

2.5 cm above the zygomatic arch and 2.5 cm posterior to the occipital bone

Question 4

Name the two foramina in the zygomatic bone

Answer 4

Superiorly: the zygomaticotemporal foramen
Inferiorly: the zygomaticofacial foramen

Question 5

Name the bones that make up the pterion

Answer 5

Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone

Question 6

Which bones make up the coronal suture?

Answer 6

The frontal and parietal bones

Question 7

Which bones make up the squamous suture?

Answer 7

The parietal and temporal bones

Question 8

Name the bones that make up the asterion

Answer 8

Parietal bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone

Question 9

Suture

Answer 9

Fibrous joint that occurs in the skull

Question 10

Which bones make up the lambdoid suture?

Answer 10

Occipital and parietal bones

Question 11

On which bone is the mastoid process located?

Answer 11

The temporal bone

Question 12

Which bones make up the occipitomastoid suture?

Answer 12

Temporal and occipital bones

Question 13

Name the fontanelles of a baby’s skull

Answer 13

Anterior (not fully ossified), posterior and lateral fontanelles

Question 14

Bregma

Answer 14

Where the parietal and frontal bones meet in the adult skull

Question 15

Lambda

Answer 15

Where the parietal and occipital bones meet in the adult skull

Question 16

Name the bones forming the base of the skull

Answer 16

Maxilla
Hard palate
Zygomatic arch
Sphenoid bone
Vomer
Temporal bone
Occipital bone

Question 17

Name the paired bony prominence in the lateral temporal bone

Answer 17

The mastoid process

Question 18

Name the paired bony prominence in the occipital bone

Answer 18

The occipital condyle

Question 19

Which muscle attaches to the medial aspect of the mastoid process?

Answer 19

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 20

What articulates with the occipital condyles?

Answer 20

The superior facets of the atlas

Question 21

Name the paired bony prominence in the medial temporal bone

Answer 21

The styloid process

Question 22

Which bone articulates at the temperomandibular joint?

Answer 22

The mandible

Question 23

What type of joint is the TMJ?

Answer 23

Synovial

Question 24

Name the seven major foramina in the base of the skull

Answer 24

Incisive foramen
Greater palatine foramen
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Carotid canal
Stylomastoid foramen
Foramen magnum

Question 25

Describe the location of the foramen lacerum and explain why it is only seen in dry skulls

Answer 25

Bilateral foramina anterior to the magnum foramen and medial to the foramina ovale. In living bodies, the apparent opening is filled with dense cartilage and fibrous tissue.

Question 26

Name the structures passing through the incisive foramen

Answer 26

Nasopalatine nerves | Sphenopalatine vessels

Question 27

Name the structures passing through the greater palatine foramen

Answer 27

Greater palatine nerve and vessels

Question 28

Name the structures passing through the foramen spinosum

Answer 28

Middle meningeal artery and vein | Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

Question 29

Name the structures passing through the foramen ovale

Answer 29

Mandibular nerve | Lesser petrosal nerve

Question 30

Name the structures passing through the carotid canal

Answer 30

Internal carotid artery | Nerve plexus

Question 31

Name the structures passing through the stylomastoid foramen

Answer 31

Facial nerve

Question 32

Name the structures passing through the foramen magnum

Answer 32

``` Continuation of brain and spinal cord Vertebral arteries and nerve plexuses Anterior spinal artery Posterior spinal arteries Roots of accessory nerve Meninges ```

Question 33

Name the structures passing through the lesser palatine foramen

Answer 33

Lesser palatine nerves and vessels

Question 34

Name the structures passing through the jugular foramen

Answer 34

``` Internal jugular vein Inferior petrosal sinus glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve Accessory nerve ```

Question 35

Anterior fossa borders

Answer 35

Anterior and lateral: Meninges and inner portion of frontal bone Posteromedial: Limbus of the sphenoid bone Posterolateral: Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone Inferior: Orbital plate of the frontal bone, cribriform plate and crista galli of the ethmoid bone, anterior aspects of the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone.

Question 36

What are the bones that make up the anterior fossa?

Answer 36

The frontal bone, ethmoid bone and sphenoid bone.

Question 37

Middle fossa borders

Answer 37

Anterior medial: Anterior edge of chiasmatic sulcus of sphenoid body Anterior lateral: Grater wing of the sphenoid Posterior medial: Posterior edge of dorsum sellae of sphenoid body Posterior lateral: Petrous part of temporal bone

Question 38

What are the bones that make up the middle fossa?

Answer 38

The sphenoid bone and the two temporal bones.

Question 39

Posterior fossa borders

Answer 39

Anterior medial: Dorsum sellae and the clivus (formed by body of sphenoid and basilar part of occipital) Anterior lateral: Superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone Lateral: Small parts of the occipital and parietal bones Posterior: Squamous part of the occipital bone to the level of the transverse groove

Question 40

What are the bones that make up the posterior fossa?

Answer 40

The occipital bone and the two temporal bones.

Question 41

Name the 12 intracranial foramina from anterior to posterior

Answer 41

``` Cribiform plate Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen lacerum Foramen spinosum Carotid canal (internal aperture) Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal Foramen magnum ```

Question 42

Name the structures passing through the cribiform plate

Answer 42

Olfactory nerve

Question 43

Name the structures passing through the optic canal

Answer 43

Optic nerve | Ophthalmic artery

Question 44

Name the structures passing through the superior orbital fissure

Answer 44

``` Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Abducens nerve Ophthalmic nerve Superior ophthalmic vein ```

Question 45

Name the structures passing through the foramen rotundum

Answer 45

Maxillary nerve

Question 46

Name the structures passing through the foramen lacerum

Answer 46

Filled with connective tissue Small meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery Emissary veins from the cavernous sinus

Question 47

Name the structures passing through the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 47

Facial nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve Labyrinthine artery

Question 48

Name the structures passing through the hypoglossal canal

Answer 48

Hypoglossal nerve | Meningeal branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 49

4 air-filled spaces visible on an X-ray

Answer 49

Frontal sinus Sphenoid sinus Ethmoid air cells Maxillary sinus

Question 50

Function of air-filled spaces in the skull

Answer 50

Lined with respiratory epithelium and lighten the head and humidify and heat inhaled air Contribute to resonance of speech

Question 51

Pterion

Answer 51

A clinically important surface marking that is a sign of weakness Formed by the articulation of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal and temporal bones Lies within a 1 cm circle, 2 cm behind and 1 cm above the posterolateral margin of the frontozygomatic suture

Question 52

Frankfurt line

Answer 52

Runs between the inferior margins of the orbit and the superior external auditory meatus