Anterior Triangle

Question 1

Anterior triangle borders

Answer 1

Lateral: anterior border of SCM
Medial: Midline of the neck
Superior: inferior border of the mandible

Question 2

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 2

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Question 3

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 3

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

Question 4

Innervation of the anterior belly of digastric

Answer 4

Mandibular nerve

Question 5

Innervation of the posterior belly of digastric

Answer 5

Facial nerve

Question 6

Innervation of the stylohyoid

Answer 6

Facial nerve

Question 7

Innervation of the mylohyoid

Answer 7

Mandibular nerve

Question 8

Innervation of the geniohyoid

Answer 8

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 9

Describe the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 9

All by ansa cervicalis except thyrohyoid which is by hypoglossal nerve

Question 10

Describe the common carotid artery course

Answer 10

The common carotids ascend through the neck in the carotid sheaths and divides into external and internal at the C3/4 vertebral level. The internal carotid artery has no branches in the neck but the external carotid artery does.

Question 11

What does the internal carotid artery supply in the neck?

Answer 11

The ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere

Question 12

Branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 12

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superior temporal

Question 13

Internal jugular vein course

Answer 13

Originates as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus and exits the skull through the jugular foramen. Enters the carotid sheath and joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein behind the sternoclavicular joint

Question 14

Describe the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 14

Leaves the skull through the jugular foramen and lies deep to the styloid apparatus. Runs down an forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, curves around the lateral border of the stylopharyngeus and continues anteriorly to reach the tongue.

Question 15

Describe the course of the vagus nerve

Answer 15

Leaves the skull via the jugular foramen and travels downward in the carotid sheath. At the root of the neck it passes in front of the subclavian artery and behind the subclavian vein to enter the mediastinum

Question 16

Describe the course of the accessory nerve

Answer 16

Leaves the skull through the jugular foramen, runs posterolaterally to the internal jugular vein, crosses the transverse process of the atlas, passes medial to the styloid process and posterior belly of digastric and perforates SCM to reach the posterior triangle.

Question 17

Describe the course of the hypoglossal nerve

Answer 17

Leaves the skull through the hypoglossal canal, passes between internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein and crosses the occipital, external carotid and lingual arteries to reach the posterior belly of digastric to reach the tongue.

Question 18

Thyroid blood supply

Answer 18

Superior thyroid artery from external carotid, branches into anterior and posterior glandular parts at the upper pole of the lateral lobe
Inferior thyroid artery from internal carotid, branches into inferior and ascending parts at the lower pole of the lateral lobe

Question 19

Thyroid venous drainage

Answer 19

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
Superior and middle drain into internal jugular vein
Inferior drain into brachiocephalic veins

Question 20

Lymphatic drainage of thyroid

Answer 20

To pretracheal nodes then do deep cervical nodes along the internal jugular vein