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202 Anatomy > Skull and Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Skull and Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

scalp layers

A 
skin
connective tissue
aponeurotic layer 
loose connective tissue 
pericranium
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2
Q

scalp innervation

A

trigeminal nerve and spinal cutaneous nerves

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3
Q

bones of the skull

A

8 neurocranium

14 viscerocranium

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4
Q

neurocranium bones

A 
occipital
temporal x2
parietal x2
sphenoid 
ethmoid 
frontal
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5
Q

viscerocranium bones

A 
nasal conchae x2
nasal bones x2
maxilla x2
palatine bones x2
zygomatic bones x2 
lacrimal bones x2
vomer
mandible
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6
Q

foramina

A

allow nerves and vessels to enter or leave the cranial cavity

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7
Q

important foramina

A 
cribriform plate 
optic canal
superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum 
foramen ovale 
foramen spinosum
internal acoustic meatus 
stylomastoid foramen
foramen lacerum
jugular foramen
hypoglossal canal
foramen magnum
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8
Q

meninges layers

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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9
Q

meninges roles

A

protection
support network for blood vessels
form fluid filled cavity to cushion and nourish brain

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10
Q

dura mater layers

A

endosteal layer - lines skull only
meningeal layer - around brain and spinal cord
space between = dural sinuses

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11
Q

dura mater nerve supply

A

trigeminal, vagus, C1-3 and sympathetic

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12
Q

dura mater blood supply

A

middle meningeal artery

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13
Q

meningeal layer of dura

A

arranged in folds/septa which divide the cranial cavity

folds restrict movement of the brain

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14
Q

falx cerebri

A

part of meningeal layer of dura mater

separates cerebral hemispheres

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15
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

part of meningeal layer of dura mater

seperates cerebral hemispheres from cerebellar hemispheres

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16
Q

falx cerebelli

A

part of meningeal layer of dura mater

separates cerebellar hemispheres

17
Q

dura mater clinical applictions

A

sensitive to stretching - anatomical basis for headache
damage to MMA can cause extradural haemotoma
tentorial herniation - caused by space occupying lesion, causing herniation of temporal lobe

18
Q

arachnoid mater

A

thin, avascular layer between pia and dura

loosely applied layer with projections

19
Q

subarachnoid space

A

contains CSF

20
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

affect transfer of CSF to venous sinuses

extend into dura mater layer

21
Q

pia mater

A

very delicate, vascular membrane
closely invests brain, following gyri/sulci
cerebral arteries enter carrying pia mater sheath

22
Q

spinal cord meninges

A

meningeal layer of dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

23
Q

leptomeningitis

A

infection and inflammation in arachnoid and pia mater

infection may enter subarachnoid space and enter blood (septicaemia)

24
Q

dural sinuses

A

sit between dural fold
drains blood and CSF from brain via cerebral veins
communicate with veins of skull and scalp
thick walled endothelium
no valves/smooth muscle
drain into internal jugular vein

25
Q

dural sinuses examples (8)

A 
inferior and superior sagittal sinuses
sigmoid sinus 
superior and inferior petrosal sinuses 
straight sinus 
basilar sinus 
cavernous sinus 
sphenoparietal sinus 
transverse sinuses
26
Q

brain blood supply

A

supplied by 2 main arteries: internal carotid and vertebral arteries
branches anastomose to form circle of willis

27
Q

circle of willis

A

vertebral arteries unite to form basilar artery
basilar bifurcates to give off posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
internal carotid communicates with posterior cerebral artery by the posterior communicating artery
ICA gives off middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral arteries
anterior cerebral communicate via anterior communicating artery

28
Q

anterior cerebral artery

A

from internal carotid artery
supplies:
- medial and superior surfaces of the brain
- frontal pole

29
Q

middle cerebral artery

A

from internal carotid artery
supplies:
- lateral surfaces
- temporal pole

30
Q

posterior cerebral artery

A

from basilar artery
supplies:
- inferior surfaces
- occipital pole

31
Q

stroke

A

caused by emoblism in cerebral artery

no anastomoses of cerebral arteries once inside brain

202 Anatomy (4 decks)

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