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202 Anatomy > Neck and Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Neck and Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

oral cavity

A

inferior to nasal cavities
continuous with nasal cavities superiorly and pharynx inferiorly
divided into outer oral vestibule (lip and cheeks) and inner oral vestibule (enclosed by teeth)

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2
Q

oral cavity roof

A

include hard and soft palate
muscle of soft palate create arches of the oral cavity
- palatoglossal arch
- palatopharyngeal arch - uvula

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3
Q

oral cavity floor

A

formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and tongue

contains submandibular and sublingual glands

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4
Q

tongue

A

divided into anterior 2/3 and posterior (1/3)
papillae cover tongue
undersurface contains medial fold: frenulum

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5
Q

terminal sulcus

A

v-shaped sulcus demarking separation of oral and pharyngeal tongue

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6
Q

oral tongue

A

anterior 2/3 tongue

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7
Q

pharyngeal tongue

A

posterior 1/3 tongue

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8
Q

papillae

A

cover tongue

all (except filiform) have taste buds on their surface

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9
Q

muscles of the tongue

A

paired (left/right)

divided into intrinsic and extrinsic

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10
Q

intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

longitudinal, transverse and vertical

create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing

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11
Q

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus - depresses and protrudes tongue
hyoglossus - depresses tongue
styloglossus - retracts tongue
palatoglossus - elevates tongue and depresses soft palate

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12
Q

tongue blood supply

A

lingual arteries and veins

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13
Q

anterior 2/3 tongue innervation

A

taste: special afferent
facial via chorda tympani
sensation: general sensation
lingual nerve (V3)

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14
Q

posterior 1/3 tongue innervation

A

taste: special afferent
glossopharyngeal
sensation: glossopharyngeal

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15
Q

motor innervation to whole tongue

A

hypoglossal nerve

EXCEPT - palatoglossus (CN X)

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16
Q

CN IX

A

glosspharyngeal
sensory (somatic) - posterior 1/3 tongue, oropharynx
special sensory (taste) - posterior 1/3 tongue
motor - stylopharyngeus
visceral - parotid gland to stimulate secretion
exit = jugular foramen

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17
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal
motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
exit = hypoglossal canal

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18
Q

larynx

A

provides protective sphincter for air passages
produces phonation
made up of cartilages contains ligaments

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19
Q

larynx cartilages

A

thyroid, cricoid, cuneiform, corniculate, epiglottis

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20
Q

larynx ligaments

A

most important = vestibular and vocal

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21
Q

larynx nerve supply

A

sensory and motor from vagus

via superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branches

22
Q

larynx blood supply

A

upper half - superior thyroid artery

lower half - inferior thyroid artery

23
Q

pharynx

A

most posterior part of neck

funnel shaped tube with 3 sections

24
Q

pharynx sections

A

nasopharynx
laryngopharynx
oropharynx

25
Q

pharynx muscles

A

3 constrictors: superior, middle and inferior

26
Q

pharynx nerve supply

A

motor via vagus (except stylopharyngeus)

sensory via V2, CN IX, CN X

27
Q

CN X

A

vagus
sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor, visceral motor
rootlets from medulla through jugular foramen
continues in carotid sheath, branches into head and thorax

28
Q

CN X innervations

A

sensory: larynx, dura mater
taste: epiglottis, pharynx
visceral sensory: aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut, foregut
motor: palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx
visceral motor: part of parasympathtic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut

29
Q

the neck

A

transition area between base of cranium and thoracic cage
supported posteriorly by 7 cervical vertebrae
contains mobile hyoid bone

30
Q

deep fascia layers

A

pretrachal fascia
prevertebral fascia
investing fascia

31
Q

fascia function

A

reduces spread of infection

enables structures to move past each other in movement and swallowing

32
Q

carotid sheath

A

blends with pretracheal and prevertebral fascia

33
Q

carotid sheath contents

A 
common and internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein 
vagus nerve
some deep cervical lymph nodes
carotid sinus nerve
34
Q

neck surface anatomy

A

divided into anterior and posterior compartment/triangle

divided by sternocleidomastoid muscle

35
Q

anterior compartment

A

3 paired triangles: submandibular, carotid and muscular

1 unpaired triangle: submental

36
Q

posterior compartment

A

bounded posteriorly by trapezius muscle
divided into 2 triangles by posterior belly of omohyoid triangle
= large occipital and omoclavicular triangles

37
Q

submandibular triangle

A

bounded by anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle
contains: submandibular gland, facial artery and vein

38
Q

submental triangle

A

bounded by digastric muscle

contains: lymph nodes

39
Q

muscular triangle

A

bounded by omohyoid and sternocleidomastoid

contains: supra and infra hyoid muscles

40
Q

carotid triangle

A

bounded by omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles
contains:
common carotid artery, IJV, CN X, XII

41
Q

muscles of muscular triangle

A

suprahyoid: stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
infrahyoid: omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

42
Q

suprahyoid muscles innervation

A

stylohyoid - facial neve
digastric - facial nerve (posterior belly)
mylohyoid - CN V
geniohyoid - CNXII

43
Q

infrahyoid muscles innervation

A

all innervated by C1-C3 of ansa cervicalis

44
Q

contents of posterior triange

A 
subclavian artery 
external jugular vein
brachial plexus
CN XI
cervical plexus
45
Q

occipital triangle

A

bounded by sternoleidomastoid, trpaezius and omohyoid

46
Q

supraclavicular triangle

A

bounded by clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid, clavicle and omohyoid

47
Q

vessels travelling in the neck

A

brachiocephalic - common carotid: divides into internal and external
subclavian arteries - inferior thyroid

48
Q

external carotid branches

A 
superior thyroid 
ascending pharyngeal 
lingual 
facial 
maxillary 
superficial temporal
49
Q

neck venous drainage

A

IJV drains brain, face, cervical viscera and neck muscles
external jugular vein
anterior jugular vein

50
Q

CN XI

A

accessory
motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
exit = jugular foramen

51
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear
sensory, special somatic afferent for hearing, equilibrium and motion
divides into vestibular and cochlear nerves
exit = internal acoustic meatus

202 Anatomy (4 decks)

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