Neck and Oral Cavity Flashcards
oral cavity
inferior to nasal cavities
continuous with nasal cavities superiorly and pharynx inferiorly
divided into outer oral vestibule (lip and cheeks) and inner oral vestibule (enclosed by teeth)
oral cavity roof
include hard and soft palate
muscle of soft palate create arches of the oral cavity
- palatoglossal arch
- palatopharyngeal arch - uvula
oral cavity floor
formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and tongue
contains submandibular and sublingual glands
tongue
divided into anterior 2/3 and posterior (1/3)
papillae cover tongue
undersurface contains medial fold: frenulum
terminal sulcus
v-shaped sulcus demarking separation of oral and pharyngeal tongue
oral tongue
anterior 2/3 tongue
pharyngeal tongue
posterior 1/3 tongue
papillae
cover tongue
all (except filiform) have taste buds on their surface
muscles of the tongue
paired (left/right)
divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
intrinsic muscles of the tongue
longitudinal, transverse and vertical
create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing
extrinsic muscles of the tongue
genioglossus - depresses and protrudes tongue
hyoglossus - depresses tongue
styloglossus - retracts tongue
palatoglossus - elevates tongue and depresses soft palate
tongue blood supply
lingual arteries and veins
anterior 2/3 tongue innervation
taste: special afferent
facial via chorda tympani
sensation: general sensation
lingual nerve (V3)
posterior 1/3 tongue innervation
taste: special afferent
glossopharyngeal
sensation: glossopharyngeal
motor innervation to whole tongue
hypoglossal nerve
EXCEPT - palatoglossus (CN X)
CN IX
glosspharyngeal
sensory (somatic) - posterior 1/3 tongue, oropharynx
special sensory (taste) - posterior 1/3 tongue
motor - stylopharyngeus
visceral - parotid gland to stimulate secretion
exit = jugular foramen
CN XII
hypoglossal
motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
exit = hypoglossal canal
larynx
provides protective sphincter for air passages
produces phonation
made up of cartilages contains ligaments
larynx cartilages
thyroid, cricoid, cuneiform, corniculate, epiglottis
larynx ligaments
most important = vestibular and vocal
larynx nerve supply
sensory and motor from vagus
via superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal branches
larynx blood supply
upper half - superior thyroid artery
lower half - inferior thyroid artery
pharynx
most posterior part of neck
funnel shaped tube with 3 sections
pharynx sections
nasopharynx
laryngopharynx
oropharynx
pharynx muscles
3 constrictors: superior, middle and inferior
pharynx nerve supply
motor via vagus (except stylopharyngeus)
sensory via V2, CN IX, CN X
CN X
vagus
sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor, visceral motor
rootlets from medulla through jugular foramen
continues in carotid sheath, branches into head and thorax
CN X innervations
sensory: larynx, dura mater
taste: epiglottis, pharynx
visceral sensory: aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut, foregut
motor: palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx
visceral motor: part of parasympathtic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut
the neck
transition area between base of cranium and thoracic cage
supported posteriorly by 7 cervical vertebrae
contains mobile hyoid bone
deep fascia layers
pretrachal fascia
prevertebral fascia
investing fascia
fascia function
reduces spread of infection
enables structures to move past each other in movement and swallowing
carotid sheath
blends with pretracheal and prevertebral fascia
carotid sheath contents
common and internal carotid arteries internal jugular vein vagus nerve some deep cervical lymph nodes carotid sinus nerve
neck surface anatomy
divided into anterior and posterior compartment/triangle
divided by sternocleidomastoid muscle
anterior compartment
3 paired triangles: submandibular, carotid and muscular
1 unpaired triangle: submental
posterior compartment
bounded posteriorly by trapezius muscle
divided into 2 triangles by posterior belly of omohyoid triangle
= large occipital and omoclavicular triangles
submandibular triangle
bounded by anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle
contains: submandibular gland, facial artery and vein
submental triangle
bounded by digastric muscle
contains: lymph nodes
muscular triangle
bounded by omohyoid and sternocleidomastoid
contains: supra and infra hyoid muscles
carotid triangle
bounded by omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles
contains:
common carotid artery, IJV, CN X, XII
muscles of muscular triangle
suprahyoid: stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
infrahyoid: omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid
suprahyoid muscles innervation
stylohyoid - facial neve
digastric - facial nerve (posterior belly)
mylohyoid - CN V
geniohyoid - CNXII
infrahyoid muscles innervation
all innervated by C1-C3 of ansa cervicalis
contents of posterior triange
subclavian artery external jugular vein brachial plexus CN XI cervical plexus
occipital triangle
bounded by sternoleidomastoid, trpaezius and omohyoid
supraclavicular triangle
bounded by clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid, clavicle and omohyoid
vessels travelling in the neck
brachiocephalic - common carotid: divides into internal and external
subclavian arteries - inferior thyroid
external carotid branches
superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal lingual facial maxillary superficial temporal
neck venous drainage
IJV drains brain, face, cervical viscera and neck muscles
external jugular vein
anterior jugular vein
CN XI
accessory
motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
exit = jugular foramen
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear
sensory, special somatic afferent for hearing, equilibrium and motion
divides into vestibular and cochlear nerves
exit = internal acoustic meatus
