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202 Anatomy > Orbit and Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Orbit and Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

nose function

A

filters dust entering the respiratory system

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2
Q

nose bones

A

paired nasal bones
maxillae
frontal bone
septum

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3
Q

nose cartilages

A

3 main lateral: major, alar, septal

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4
Q

nose internal surface

A

lateral wall has 3 projections:

superior, middle and inferior conchae

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5
Q

nose blood supply

A

branches from opthalmic and maxillary arteries

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6
Q

nose nerve supply

A

olfactory and opthalmic nerves

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7
Q

cranial nerve 1

A

olfactory
special afferent - sensory (olfaction)
exit = cribriform plate

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8
Q

olfaction

A

aided by air flow through nasal cavity
conchae help warm and moisten air
olfaction receptors detect ‘smell’

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9
Q

olfaction receptors

A

in epithelium lining roof and walls of nasal cavity
secrete mucus fluid
odoriferous gases dissolve in fluid
gases are detected by olfactory nerves

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10
Q

anosmia

A

lack of smell

can be temporary (cold) or permanent (trauma, Parkinson’s)

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11
Q

paranasal sinuses

A 
air filled extensions of nasal cavity 
frontal sinuses 
ethmoidla cells 
sphenoidal sinuses 
maxillary sinuses
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12
Q

frontal sinuses

A

paired
in frontal bone
drain through frontonasal duct

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13
Q

ethmoid cells

A

invaginations in ethmoid bone

drain into middle meatus (anterior/middle) or superior meatus (posterior)

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14
Q

sphenoidal sinuses

A

in sphenoidal bone

drain into spheno-ethmoid recesses

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15
Q

maxillary sinuses

A

paired
in maxilla
drain into middle meatus

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16
Q

orbit bones

A 
frontal
maxilla
ethmoidal
lacrimal 
sphenoidal 
temporal-zygomatic 
nasal
17
Q

eye

A

contains optical apparatus for visual system
located in orbit - suspended by muscles
3 layers
divided into anterior and posterior chambers

18
Q

eyeball layer

A

outer fibrous - sclera and cornea
vascular - iris
inner - retina

19
Q

cranial nerve II

A

optic
special afferent - sensory (sight)
exit = optic canal
special embryology: optic stalk grows out, lens vesicle grows in

20
Q

extraocular muscles

A 
levator palpebrae 
superior oblique
superior rectus 
medial rectus
lateral rectus
inferior rectus 
inferior oblique
21
Q

eye movement

A

controlled by 7 extraocular muscles surrounding globe of the eye
movement occurs around 3 axes: vertical, transverse, anteroposterior

22
Q

superior oblique

A

pulls eye down and out (depression/abduction)

nerve supply = trochlear

23
Q

superior rectus

A

pulls eye up and in (elevation/adduction)

nerve supply = oculomotor

24
Q

medial rectus

A

pulls eye in (adduction

nerve supply = oculomotor

25
Q

lateral rectus

A

pulls eye out (abduction)

nerve supply = abducens

26
Q

inferior rectus

A

pulls eye down and in (depression/adduction)

nerve supply = oculomotor

27
Q

inferior oblique

A

pulls eye up and out (elevation/abduction)

nerve supply = oculomotor

28
Q

cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor
somatic motor to extra-ocular muscles (NOT superior oblique/lateral rectus) and ciliary body and sphincter pupillae
(via short ciliary nerves)
exit = superior orbital fissure

29
Q

cranial nerve IV

A

trochlear
somatic motor to superior oblique
very small
exit = superior orbital fissure

30
Q

cranial nerve VI

A

abducens
somatic motor to lateral rectus
very small
exit = superior orbital fissure

31
Q

orbit nerve supply

A

CN II, III, V1, VI, VII
sympathetic - stimulates dilator pupullae to let more light in
parasympathetic - stimulates constrictor pupillae to let less light in

32
Q

orbit blood supply

A

opthalmic artery
infra-orbital artery
central artery

33
Q

orbit clinical considerations

A

inability of specific eye movements (CN III, IV, VI)
dilated pupil/abnormal pupil reflex (CN III)
ptosis - drooping eyelid (CN III)

lesion
CN III aneurysm of cerebral artery
CN IV: orbital fracture
CN VI: cavernous sinus lesion

34
Q

lacrimal gland

A

2 parts: orbital and palpebral
secretes lacrimal fluid which passes across the eye into lacrimal papilla, lacrimal sac and to inferior meatus via nasolacrimal duct

35
Q

lacrimal gland nerve supply

A

sensory from lacrimal branch of V1
parasympathetic - secretomotor (CN VII)
sympathetic - vasconstrictive (superior cervical ganglion, via internal carotid)

202 Anatomy (4 decks)

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