SKULL AND CRANIAL CAVITY

Question 1

Name the 8 cranial bones

Answer 1

Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital 
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

Question 2

Name the 14 facial bones

Answer 2

Nasal (2)
Maxillae (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Mandible 
Lacrimal (2)
Palatine (2)
Inferior nasal concha (2)
Vomer

Question 3

Name the sutures of the skull

Answer 3

Frontal (in babies)
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid

Question 4

Where do the sagittal and coronal sutures meet and what is the fontanelle in babies called

Answer 4

Bregma (bregmatic fontanelle)

Question 5

Name a pathology that results in late closure of the bregmatic fontanelle and absent clavicle

Answer 5

Cleidocranial dysplasia

Question 6

Were do the lambdoid and sagittal sutures meet

Answer 6

Lambda (lambdoid fontanelle)

Question 7

What is a condition whereby the lambdoid fontanelle closes prematurely

Answer 7

Craniosyntosis. Causes the anterior fontanelle to enlarge to accommodate brain growth

Question 8

What attaches to the mastoid processes

Answer 8

The sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 9

What articulates with the occipital condoyles

Answer 9

The atlas, 1st cervical vertebra, superior facets

Question 10

What is the function of the styloid process and what bone is it in

Answer 10

Attachment point for muscles associated with the tongue and larynx. Temporal bone

Question 11

Where does the mandible articulate and what kind of joint is this

Answer 11

Mandibular fossa in the temporal bone. Temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint

Question 12

Name the two anterior cranial fossa and the structures passing through them and what bone are they in

Answer 12

Foramen cecum- Emissary veins to nasal cavity. Ethmoid bone

Cribiform plate- Olfactory nerves. Ethmoid bone

Question 13

Name the seven middle cranial fossa

Answer 13

Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Lesser and greater hiatus for petrosal nerves

Question 14

What structures pass through the optic canal and what fossa and bone is it located in

Answer 14

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

Middle, Sphenoid

Question 15

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure and what fossa and bone is it located in

Answer 15

Oculomotor, trochlear, abducenct, ophthalmic of trigeminal, ophthalmic veins
Middle, sphenoid

Question 16

What structures pass through the foramen rotundum and what fossa is it located in

Answer 16

Maxillary branch of trigeminal

Middle, sphenoid

Question 17

What structures pass through the foramen ovale and what fossa and bone is it located in

Answer 17

Mandibular of trigeminal, lesser petrosal nerve (from CIX, parasympathetic efferent to the parotid gland). Middle, sphenoid

Question 18

What structures pass through the foramen spinosum and what fossa and bone is it located in

Answer 18

Middle meningeal artery, middle, sphenoid

Question 19

Name the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 19

Foramen magnum
Internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Condylar canal

Question 20

What structures pass through the foramen magnum and what fossa is it in

Answer 20

Spinal cord, vertebral arterires, spinal root for CXI accessory, meninges
Posterior fossa, occipital bone

Question 21

What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus and what fossa and bone is it in

Answer 21

Facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, labyrinthine artery

Posterior fossa, temporal bone

Question 22

What structures pass through the jugular foramen and what fossa and bone is it in

Answer 22

Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, internal jugular vein
Posterior fossa, between occipital and temporal

Question 23

What structures pass through the hypoglossal canal and what fossa and bone is it in

Answer 23

Hypoglossal nerve
Posterior
Occipital bone

Question 24

What structures pass through the condylar canal and what fossa and bone is it in

Answer 24

Emissary vein

Posterior, occipital

Question 25

What passes through the incisive foramina and where is it

Answer 25

Nasopalatine nerves and sphenopalatine vessels | Just behind two front teeth in hard palate of maxilla

Question 26

What passes through the greater palatine foramen and where is it

Answer 26

Descending palatine vessels and greater palatine nerve | Posterior angles of palatine bone

Question 27

Where does the falx cerebri attach to on the ethmoid bone and the frontal bone

Answer 27

The crista gallis and the frontal crest

Question 28

What are the boundaries of the anterior fossa

Answer 28

Anterior frontal bone | Posterior: midline anterior edge of the chiasmatic sulcus, lateral lesser wings of sphenoid

Question 29

What are the boundaries of the middle fossa

Answer 29

Anterior: anterior edge of chiasmatic sulcus, greater wings of sphenoid laterally Posterior: Posterior edge of dorsum sellae, petrous part of temporal bone laterally

Question 30

What are the boundaries of the posterior fossa

Answer 30

Anterior: Dorsum sellae Lateral: Petrous part of temporal bone Posterior: Squamous part of occipital bone to the level of the transverse groove.

Question 31

What attaches to the anterior clinoid process

Answer 31

The anterior attachment point for the tentorium cerebelli

Question 32

Where are the posterior clinoid processes

Answer 32

Either side of the dorsum sellae

Question 33

What makes up the pterion suture

Answer 33

Temporal, frontal, sphenoid, parietal

Question 34

Surface anatomy of pterion suture

Answer 34

2.6cm posterior and 1.3cm above posterolateral border of frontozygomatic suture

Question 35

What runs deep to the mastoid process

Answer 35

The facial nerve (CXII)

Question 36

Where is the foramen lacerum and what passes through it

Answer 36

medial to the carotid canal, in the junction of the sphenoid and temporal bones. Nerve and artery of pterygoid canal and some veins. Filled with cartilage in life.

Question 37

Where is the carotid canal and what passes through it

Answer 37

In the middle fossa lateral to the dorsum sallae, internal carotid artery passes through

Question 38

Where is the sella turcica and what does it hold

Answer 38

IN the body of sphenoid in between the chiasmatic sulcus and the dorsal sellae. Holds the pituitary gland within its hypophyseal fossa.

Question 39

Name the four paranasal sinuses

Answer 39

Frontal sinuses, ethmoidal cells, sphenoidal sinuses, maxillary sinuses

Question 40

Describe sinusitis

Answer 40

Acute- infection in sinus leading to inflammation and increased mucous. Chronic- Thickened respiratory mucosa causing a chronic increase in mucous.

Question 41

Name the parts of the mandible

Answer 41

Body, ramus, angle, condyl, coronoid.