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Special Senses > EAR > Flashcards

EAR Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three divisions of the ear

A

The outer, middle and inner ear

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the outer ear

A

The auricle and the external auditory meatus

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3
Q

What are the parts of the auricle

A

Helix, antihelix, concha, tragus, antitragus and lobule

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4
Q

What makes up the external auditory meatus

A

Cartilage 2/3, and bony part 1/3

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5
Q

What is the innervation of the external ear

A

Superior lateral- lesser occipital
Inferior lateral- greater auricular nerve
Medial- auriculotemporal branch of V3
Also vagus and facial innervation

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6
Q

Middle ear boundaries

A

Tympanic membrane, concha

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7
Q

Four parts of temporal bone

A

Squamous, mastoid, petrous and tympanic

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8
Q

What part of the temporal bone holds the middle and inner ear

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

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9
Q

What are the six walls of the middle ear

A

The lateral/ tympanic wall, the medial/ labyrinthine wall, the anterior wall, the posterior/mastoid wall, the floor/ jugular wall and the roof/ tegmental wall

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10
Q

Describe the mastoid area

A

Posterior to the epitympanic recess is the auditus to the mastoid antrum (mastoid part of temporal bone). Has air filled spaces called mastoid cells. The mucous membrane lining the mastoid antrum is continuous with the mucous membrane throughout middle ear.

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11
Q

Describe mastoiditis

A

Infection within mastoid area- can spread from middle ear infection. If the cranial vault is breached bacteria may enter cranial cavity and menegitis ensues.

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12
Q

What nerve should be avoided when draining pus from mastoiditis

A

Facial nerve

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13
Q

Describe the tympanic plexus

A

Gives off tympanic branches that supply mucosa of inner ear and petrosal nerve which give off parasympathetic supply to parotid gland. Branches from CIX

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14
Q

What enters the middle ear through the posterior wall

A

Pyramidal eminance for tendon of stapedius

corda tympani nerve

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15
Q

What enters/exits the ear through the anterior wall

A

The tensor tympani muscle
Pharyngotympanic tube (links nasopharynx to middle ear)
Corda tympani nerve exits, branches of carotid plexus enters.

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16
Q

What does the lateral wall consist of

A

The tympanic membrane and the epitympanic recess

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17
Q

What are features of the medial wall of the middle ear

A

The tympanic plexus on promontory. Oval and round window, lesser petrosal. Also prominence of facial nerve canal, and prominence of lateral semicircular canal

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the middle ear

A

The tympanic plexus, C9-10-7, sympathetic.

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19
Q

What is the arterial supply of the middle ear

A

External carotid and its branches.

20
Q

What is venous drainage of the middle ear

A

Pterygoid plexus, superior petrosal sinus

21
Q

Describe the chorda tympani nerve

A

A branch of the facial nerve carrying taste sensation… travels through the middle ear.

22
Q

What are the parts of the tympani membrane

A

Pars flaccid, The lateral process of the malleus, the handle of malleus, the umbo. The posterior and anterior malleolar folds and the cone of light

23
Q

What may you see in a middle ear infection of child

A

Prominent lateral process and umbo due to not being able to equalise pressure with blocked eustachian tube to nasopharynx.

24
Q

Where does lesser petrosal nerve exit skull

A

Foramen ovale

25
Q

What does the semicircular canal have within it

A

A structure that determines motion?

26
Q

Where does chorda tympani nerve enter the middle ear

A

Mastoid/posterior wall

27
Q

Three bony structures of middle ear

A

Stapes, malleus, incus

28
Q

Innervation of the middle ear

A

9, 10, 7 and sympathetic.

29
Q

What is the marker on the ear used for the surface anatomy of the parotid duct

A

Tragus

30
Q

What give superficial sensation to the external ear

A

Auriculotemporal, lesser occipital (C2), greater auricular and some vagus and facial

31
Q

What part of the temporal bone is the middle and inner ear located

A

Middle cranial fossa, petrous part

32
Q

What separates middle ear from the middle cranial fossa

A

Tegman tympani, thin layer of bone that divides the middle ear from the roof.

33
Q

What sits inferior to the middle ear

A

Jugular vein

34
Q

What nerve enters the floor of the middle ear

A

Tympanic nerve branch of 9

35
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the middle ear

A

The tympanic membrane

36
Q

What nerve runs along the deep surface at the top of the tympanic membrane

A

Chorda tympani (7), provides taste to anterior 2/3 tongue

37
Q

Name all the anatomy of the tympanic membrane

A

Cone of light, umbo, handle of malleus, lateral process of the malleus

38
Q

What are prominent in middle ear infections

A

Umbo (tip of malleus), lateral process of malleus

39
Q

What structures form the medial wall

A

Promontory, tympanic plexus (tympanic branch of 9, lesser petrosal, branch from internal carotid plexus , round and oval windows,

40
Q

Which foramina of the skull does the lesser petrosal exit

A

Foramen ovale

41
Q

Describe the course of the lesser petrosal

A

Branch of glossopharyngeal from tympanic plexus. Enters skull via the lesser petrosal hiatus, travels across middle cranial fossa exits skull at foramen ovale, travels through infratemporal fossa and hitchickes to auriculotemporal nerve (v3) to supply PS to parotid gland

42
Q

Structures on the anterior wall

A

Eustachian tube, lesser petrosal, branch of external carotid, tensor tympani

43
Q

Where does mastoiditis occur

A

In the mastoid air cells, enters via posterior/ mastoid wall.

44
Q

What wall does chorda tympani enter the middle ear

A

Posterior wall

45
Q

What is the blood supply to the middle ear and external aucoustic meatus

A

Branches of external carotid

Special Senses (12 decks)

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