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Special Senses > MENINGES > Flashcards

MENINGES Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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2
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater

A

Periosteal

Meningeal

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3
Q

Describe the periosteal layer

A

Seal the skull from pathogens etc. Periosteal layer has different names depending on location.
Is continuous with the periosteum on outer surface of skull at foramina

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4
Q

What are the dural partitions

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

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5
Q

What is the blood supply of the dura mater

A

The anterior, middle and posterior meningeal arteries. They run in the periosteal layer in groves in skull. Main is from middl menangial which enters through foramen spinosum, runs behind pterion suture.

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the dura

A

Trigeminal nerve branches, 1, 2, 3 cervical nerves and maybe CIX and CXII

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7
Q

Where do venous sinus form

A

Between periosteal and meningial layers of the dura

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8
Q

Where are the cavernous sinuses found

A

Either side of the turkish saddle. The body of the sphenoid bone

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9
Q

What structures run through the cavernous sinus (along wall and medially

A

Along wall: CIII, CIV, V1, V2

Internal: VI, internal carotid artery

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10
Q

What are emissary veins

A

Run from external skull to internal sinus.

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11
Q

What are diploic veins

A

Drain from within bone to sinuses

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12
Q

What are cerebral veins

A

Drain from brain to sinuses.

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13
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater

A

Avascular membrane, does not enter grooves or fissures (except the longitudnal fissure), roof of subarachnoid space.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of arachnoid granulations

A

Drain CSF to sinuses

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15
Q

Describe the pia mater

A

Invests the surface of the brain. Firmly adherent.

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16
Q

If meningeal artery is damaged what kind of bleeding would you get

A

Extradural haemorrhage. Between periosteal layer and calvarium.

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17
Q

What causes extradural haemorrhage

A

Almost always arterial origin, usually at pterion, middle meningeal artery.

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18
Q

Where does a subdural haemorrhage occur

A

Within the meningeal layer, i.e. the meningeal layer kind of splits.

19
Q

What causes subdural haemorrhage

A

Usually venous origin. Often in elderly as a result of cerebral atrophy

20
Q

What is the origin of subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Usually cerebral artery from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm of the circle of willis

21
Q

What are the three forms of intracranial haemorrhage

A

Subdural, extra dural, subarachnoid

22
Q

Describe the middle menangial artery

A

Branches from the Maxillary, enters skull via pterygopalatine fossa and foramen spiniosum (posterio part of greater wing of sphenoid), supplies dura mater and meninges. At risk of rupture in skull fracture around the pterion causing extradural haemorhage

23
Q

What supplies innervation of the dura

A

Trigeminal

24
Q

Where do venous sinuses form

A

Between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura

25
Q

What sinus becomes the internal jugular vein

A

Sigmoid sinus

26
Q

What is found in the cavernous sinus

A

Internal carotid and abducent nerve medial

Lateral walls Trochlear, occulomotor, V1 and V2

27
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus

A

Either side of the sella turcica

28
Q

What do the opthalmic veins drain to

A

Cavernous sinus

29
Q

If a patient has periorbital cellulitis what is the risk

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

30
Q

What causes raccoon eyes

A

Skull fracture, blood leaks from skull into potential space in eelids via a tear in the periosteum layer of meninges

31
Q

What are emissiary veins

A

Run between outside of the skull to the sinuses

32
Q

What is a diploic vein

A

Vein within skull draining to skull bone

33
Q

Difference between dura in skull and spine

A

2 layers in skull- periosteal and meninges. 1 layer in spine meningeal

34
Q

Is the arachnoid mater vascular or avascular

A

Avascular

35
Q

What drains CSF to sinus

A

Arachnoid granulation

36
Q

What layer are the meningeal arteries found

A

Between the periosteal layer and the dura of the skull

37
Q

What layer are the cerebral arteries found

A

Subarachnoid space

38
Q

What layers do the cerebral veins need to cross to drain in to sinus

A

Arachnoid mater and meningeal layer of the dura

39
Q

If meningeal artery damaged what kind of haemmorhage ensues

A

Extradural

40
Q

What layer is a subdural haemmorhage

A

Within the meningeal layer of the dura

41
Q

In the subdural haemmorhage what is the usual cause

A

Venous damage from cerebral veins in elderly

42
Q

What is usual origin of subarachnoid haemmorhage

A

Cerebral arteries- can be veins

43
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the pterion

A

2.6cm posterio and 1.3cm above the posterolateral birder of the frontozygomatic suture

44
Q

What is the thinnest part of the skull

A

Squamous part of temporal bone

Special Senses (12 decks)

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