skull anatomy Flashcards
how many bones does the skull have?
22
how are the skulls of the bone divided?
neurocranium
viscerocranium
how many bones of the skull are linked by fibrous joints?
21
what is the only non-fibrous joint of the skull?
synovial temporomandibular joint
what is the function of the neurocranium?
housing the brain
attachment site for the head and neck muscles
what is the function of the viscerocranium?
- Form framework of the face – makes up orbit, nasal cavity and oral cavity
- Contain cavities for special sense organs (sight, taste and smell)
- Opening for air and food passage
- Secure teeth
- Anchor facial muscles of expression
how many cranial bones are there?
8
name all the cranial bones
o 2x parietal, 2x temporal, sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, occipital
how does the frontal bone change throughout development?
starts as 2 in development and then they fuse
what does a fracture of the ethmoid bone lead to?
CSF leaking into the nose
what is the function of sutures
limit movement of the bones
what bone predominantly makes up the zygomatic arch?
temporal bone
where is the external acoustic meatus found?
outside the temporal bone
what does the temporal bone house?
the middle and internal ear
what houses the internal ear?
petrous part of the temporal bone
what does the sphenoid bone link?
facial skeleton to cranial skeleton
how many pterygoid plates does the sphenoid bone have and what do they do?
4
attachment point for pterygoid muscles (muscles of mastication)
what is the sella turcica?
bony cradle which protects the pituitary gland
what is the function of the clinoid processes?
attachment points for the dura mater in the skull
what are the 3 layers of the meninges?
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
what are the two layers of dura mater in the skull?
meningeal
periosteal
where is the periosteal layer found?
sticks to the inner layer of the skull
how are inward folds of the dura mater made?
when the meningeal layer of the dura mater pulls away from the periosteal layer
name the inward folds of the meningeal layer of dura mater
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
what does the falx cerebri do?
separates the left and right hemisphere
what does the tentorium cerebelli do?
separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum
what is the function of the inward folds of the meningeal layer?
help compartmentalise the inside of the skull and gives support to the brain
what is the tentorial notch?
hole in the tentorium cerebelli to allow brainstem to pass up to the cerebrum
what are the dural venous sinuses?
a network of endothelial lines spaces which are filled with venous blood in the space between dura mater layers
where is the superior saggital sinus?
at the top of the falx cerebri
where is the inferior saggital sinus?
bottom of the falx cerebri
what does the straight sinus do?
joins the supeiror and inferior saggital sinus
what leads into the transverse sinus?
the straight sinus
where does the sigmoid sinus leave the skull?
through the jugular foramen into the jugular vein
where are the cavernous sinuses found?
either side of the pituitary gland
what runs through the cavernous sinus?
internal carotid artery and some cranial nerves
what do the petrosal sinuses do?
link cavernous sinus to sigmoid and transverse sinuses
what part of the skull do the facial bones form?
anterior skull – make up orbit, oral and nasal cavity
what are the orbits?
Bilateral pyramidal shaped cavity on the anterior aspect of the skull