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brain and behaviour > peripheral distribution of cn i-vi > Flashcards

peripheral distribution of cn i-vi Flashcards

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1
Q

where do cranial nerves 1 and 2 exit from?

A

the cerebrum

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2
Q

where does cn 3 exit from?

A

midbrain-pontine junction

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3
Q

where does cn4 exit?

A

midbrain

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4
Q

where does cn 5 exit?

A

pons

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5
Q

where do 6, 7, 8 exit?

A

pontine-medullary junction

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6
Q

where do 9, 10, 11 exit?

A

medulla

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7
Q

where does 12 exit?

A

medulla

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8
Q

what does the olfactory nerve control?

A

smell

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9
Q

what fibres make up the olfactory nerve?

A

special sensory afferent

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10
Q

where is the FON of the olfactory nerve found?

A

endothelium of the nose

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11
Q

where do the axons of the FON go?

A

pierce through cribiform plate and into the olfactory bulb where they synapse with mitral cells to form the olfactory tract

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12
Q

what is the optic nerve responsible for?

A

vision

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13
Q

what fibres make up the optic nerve?

A

special sensory afferent

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14
Q

what is the optic nerve made up of?

A

axons of ganglion retinal cells which receive input from the photoreceptors

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15
Q

what type of vision are rods responsible for?

A

low light vision

black and white

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16
Q

what type of vision are cones responsible for?

A

colour vision

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17
Q

how are photoreceptors of the eye connected to the visual cortex?

A

sensory afferents

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18
Q

where do the 2 optic nerves connect?

A

optic chiasm

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19
Q

where does the optic tract run?

A

through the lateral geniculate ganglion in the respective hemisphere

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20
Q

how does the optic nerve leave the eyeball?

A

through the optic canal in the orbit in the sphenoid bone

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21
Q

what nerves move the eyeball?

A

occulomotor
trochlear
abducens

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22
Q

what muscles move the eye?

A

4 rectus muscles
superior oblique
inferior oblique
levator palpabrae superioris

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23
Q

where do the rectus muscles originate and where do they attach?

A

origin - annulus of Zinn

attach - sclera of eyeball

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24
Q

what does the levator palpabrae superioris do?

A

raise the upper eyelid

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25
Q

where does the superior oblique originate?

A

sphenoid bone

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26
Q

where does the superior oblique attach and how?

A

sclera through the trochlea pulley

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27
Q

where does the inferior oblique originate and attach?

A

origin - maxilla bone

attach - sclera (posterior to LR)

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28
Q

what is the annulus of zinn?

A

common tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit in the sphenoid bone

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29
Q

what axis do lateral and medial rotation of the eye occur around?

A

the AP axis

30
Q

what axis do elevation and depression of the eye occur around?

A

transverse axis

31
Q

what axis do abduction and adduction occur around?

A

vertical axis

32
Q

what movements does the superior oblique do? which is the main movement?

A

main: depression
intorsion
abduction

33
Q

what movements does the inferior oblique do? which is the main movement?

A

main: elevation
extorsion
abduction

34
Q

what movements does the medial rectus do?

A

adduction

35
Q

what movements does the lateral rectus do?

A

abduction

36
Q

what movements does the superior rectus do?

A

elevation
adduction
intorsion

37
Q

what movements does the inferior rectus do?

A

depression
adduction
extorsion

38
Q

what fibres make up the occulomotor nerve?

A

general somatic efferent (GSE), general visceral efferent (GVE)

39
Q

what actions is the GVE responsible for in the occulomotor nerve?

A

pupil constriction, accommodation reflex (focusing images), pupillary constriction

40
Q

what nucleus gives rise to GSE fibres in the occulomotor nerve?

A

motor

41
Q

what do the GSE fibres in the occulomotor nerve innervate?

A

LPS, SR, MR, IR and IO muscles

42
Q

what nucleus gives rise to GVE in the occulomotor nerve and where does the fibre then go?

A

parasympathetic nucleus

goes to ciliary ganglion then to the sphincter pupillae for constriction and ciliary muscle for accommodation

43
Q

where do sympathetic fibres of the occulomotor nerve come fromand where do they go?

A

pass through ciliary ganglion from the internal carotid plexus

44
Q

what do the sympathetic fibres of the occulomotor nerve do?

A

pupil dilation and blood vessel dilation in the eye

45
Q

what fibres make up the trochlear nerve and what do they innervate?

A

General somatic efferent (GSE) – innervates superior oblique muscle

46
Q

what fibres make up the abducens nerve and what do they innervate?

A

GSE innervates lateral rectus muscle

47
Q

what shape is the bony orbit?

A

pyramidal shape

48
Q

how are the medial walls of the orbit orientated?

A

parallel to each other

49
Q

what angle are the lateral walls of the orbit to each other?

A

right angles

50
Q

how can a muscle of the eye be tested for a single movement?

A

Vector pull of the muscle needs to be aligned with the axis of the eye when clinically testing a muscle which carries out more than one movement –> allows muscle to be isolated

51
Q

what are the signs of occulomotor nerve palsy?

A 
ptosis
stabismus
dyplopia
dilated pupil
down and out - unopposed “down” of superior oblique and “out” of lateral rectus
52
Q

what is ptosis?

A

drooping of the upper eyelid

53
Q

what is stabismus?

A

eyes not aligned bc the eye starts to pull down

54
Q

what is dyplopia?

A

double vision

55
Q

what is dilated pupil a sign of occulomotor nerve palsy?

A

parasympathetic branch of nerve controls constriction of the pupil

56
Q

what causes occulomotor nerve palsy?

A

Head injury, infection, migraine, brain tumour, aneurysm, diabetes, or high BP

57
Q

what are signs of trochlear nerve palsy?

A

paralysis of superior oblique
eye is elevated, adducted and extorsion
patients attempt to minimise diplopia by tilting head

58
Q

what are symptoms of abducens nerve palsy?

A

paralysis of lateral rectus

affected eye cannot abduct

59
Q

what is abducens nerve palsy a sign of?

A

raised intracranial pressure

60
Q

what fibres make up the trigeminal nerve?

A

General somatic afferent, branchiomotor efferent

61
Q

what are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

v1 - opthalmic
v2 - maxillary
v3 - mandibular

62
Q

is the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve sensory or motor?

A

sensory only

63
Q

what are the branches of the opthalmic branch and what do they innervate?

A
  • Lacrimal (doesn’t innervate the gland, just pierces through it),
  • Frontal (divides into 2 – supertrochlear and superorbital – innervate the upper eyelid and the forehead/skin of the scalp
  • Nasociliary – sensory supply to the cornea
64
Q

is the maxillary nerve sensory or motor?

A

sensory only

65
Q

what areas does the maxillary nerve innervate?

A

Innervates infraorbital, superior alveolar branches (innervates the palate), palatine, zygomatic regions

66
Q

is the mandibular nerve motor or sensory?

A

both

67
Q

what does the motor branch of the mandibular branch innervate?

A

Innervates muscles of mastication, ant belly digastric/mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatin

68
Q

what does the sensory branch of the mandibular branch innervate?

A

buccal (mucous membrane of cheek), auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, lingual

69
Q

why is there no C1 dermatome?

A

motor only

70
Q

what causes damage to cranial nerve 5?

A

Pressure aneurysm, tumour infiltration

71
Q

what are symptoms of cn 5 damage?

A
  • Paralysis muscles of mastication
  • Loss of sensation to face
  • Loss of corneal reflex
72
Q

what nerve can a 3rd molar extraction damage and what does this cause?

A

can damage lingual nerve – loss of sensation to anterior tongue (taste and somatosensory) and reduced salivation due to involvement of the lingual nerve

brain and behaviour (24 decks)

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