Skull Flashcards by Salma Rabi

divisons of the skull

neurocranium and viserocranium

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skull is made up of which kind of bones

flat bones

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forms the shape of the head and to protect the brain and the organs that control the five senses

neurocranium (8 bones)

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bones of the neurocranium include

fontal (1)
parietal (2) 
occipital  (1)
temporal (2) 
sphenoid  (1)
ethmoid (1)
*remember STEP OF

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forms the skeleton of the face as well as parts of the jaw

viscerocranium (14 bones)

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bones of the viscerocranium include

zygomatic (2)
maxillae (2)
nasal (2)
lacrimal (2)
vomer (1)
palatine (2)
inferior conchae (2)
mandible (1)

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how many bones in total form the skull

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roof of skull

located in neurocranium called calvaria

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spongy cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical bone of the skull contains bone marrow

diploë

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immovable joints forming boundaries between skull bones

sutures of the skull

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sutures of the skull

fibrous joints made up of collagen with no cavity also known as synarthrosis

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how many sutures are in the skull

21 in total 
5 anterior 
3 posterior 
2 superior 
5 lateral 
6 inferior

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main sutures of the skull

sagittal coronal squamosal lambdoidal sutural

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suture between the two parietal bones

sagittal suture

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suture between the the frontal and parietal bones

coronal suture ( frontal suture )

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suture between parietal and temporal bones

squamosal suture

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suture between parietal and occipital bones

lambdoidal suture

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pterion

region where the frontal parietal temporal and sphenoid bones join together anterior inferior corner of parietal bone articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid

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thinnest part of lateral walls of skull

pterion

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overlies the middle meningeal artery and vein

pterion

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provide attachment for head and neck muscles

cranial bones

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anchor the muscles of the face

facial bones

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wormian bones

also known as intrasutural bones or sutural bones, are extra bone pieces that can occur within a suture (joint) in the skull usually found in lambdoidal suture

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provides for passage of a sensory nerve to the skin of the forehead

supraorbital foramen

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below the orbit point of emergence for a sensory nerve that supplies the anterior face below the orbit.

infraorbital foramen

contain muscle that act on the jaw

temporal fossa and infratemporal

floor of brain is also known as

base of the skull

three large spaces located in base of skull

anterior middle and posterior cranial fossa

depth of cranial fossa increase from

front to back anterior the smallest posterior the largest

along the attached margin of the falx cerebri. It allows blood to drain from the lateral aspects of anterior cerebral hemispheres to the confluence of sinuses

superior sagittal sinus

what separates the anterior and middle fossa

lesser wing of the sphenoid

what separates the middle and posterior fossa

petrous part of temporal lobe

anterior fossa midline is a crest for the attachment of

falx cerebri

gives attachment for tentorium cerebelli

medial end of the lesser wing of the sphenoid which forms anterior crinoid process

anterior fossa contains

anterior ethmoidal nerve | olfactory nerves

depression in the floor of the cranial base which houses the projecting frontal lobes of the brain.

anterior cranial fossa

butterfly-shaped depression of the skull base, which is narrow in the middle and wider laterally houses the temporal lobes of the cerebrum

middle cranial fossa

pituitary gland is located in which fossa

middle cranial fossa

foramen

an opening hole or passage in bone

optic canals are located in

anterior of middle cranial fossa

contents of optic canal

transmit the optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries into the orbital cavities

lateral to the central part of the middle cranial fossa are four foramina of the sphenoid bone

superior orbital fissure foramen rotunda foramen ovale foramen spinosum

contents of superior orbital fissure

- oculomotor nerve (CN 3) - trochlear nerve (CN 4) - ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1) - abducens nerve (CN 6) - opthalmic veins and sympathetic fibres.

contents of foramen rotunda

opens into the pterygopalatine fossa and transmits maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

contents of foramen ovale

opens into the infratemporal fossa, transmitting the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery

contents of foramen spinosum

opens into the infratemporal fossa. It transmits the middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein and a meningeal branch of CN V3

foramen of the temporal lobe include

- hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve - hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve - carotid canal

between petrous part of temporal and sphenoid

foramen lacerum

contents of foramen lacerum

internal carotid artery

located posteriorly and medially to the foramen ovale

carotid canal

internal acoustic meatus is located in

medial wall of the petrous ridge in the posterior cranial fossa

foramen of posterior cranial fossa

- foramen magnum - hypoglossal canal - jugular foramen - internal acoustic meatus

foramen magnum

located in occipital contains medulla oblongata spinal part of accessory nerve and right and left vertebral arteries

hypoglossal canal

located in occipital transmits hypoglossal nerve

jugular foramen

located in petrous part of temporal and condylar part of occipital contain glossopharyngeal vagus accessory nerve sigmoid sinus which becomes internal jugular vein

internal acoustic meatus

contains vestibulocochlear and facial nerves

differences between adult skull and neonatal skull

- neonatal skull has a larger cranium to face ratio - bones of the neonatal skull are unilmaninar - neonatal skull does not contain diploë

allows neonatal brain to grow

fontanelles

unossified membranes

when do the fontanelles ossify

after 24 months

bones of vault are ossified in

membrane

bones of base are ossified in

cartilage

anterior fontanelle closes when

also known as bregma closes in about 18 months after birth

posterior fontanelle closes when

also known as lambda closes in about 6 months after birth

superior aspect

norma verticalis

anterior aspect

norma frontalis

lateral aspect

norma lateralis

posterior aspect

norma occipitalis

inferior aspect (skull base) from outside

norma basalis externa

inferior aspect (skull base) from inside.

norma basalis interna