Histology

Question 1

cells of neural tissue

Answer 1

neurons and neuroglia

Question 2

neurons

Answer 2

basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells

Question 3

neuroglia

Answer 3

non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical impulses. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons

Question 4

neuroglia consist of

Answer 4

schwann cells satellite cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglia cells ependymal cells

Question 5

generate and conduct electrical impulses and action potential

Answer 5

neurons

Question 6

morphological classification of neurons can be divided into

Answer 6

structurally functionally according to neurotransmitter it relays according to neurotransmitter released according to length of axon

Question 7

structurally classification of neurons are

Answer 7

unipolar bipolar multipolar

Question 8

has cell body with only one neuron

Answer 8

• unipolar
• very few in human body most that we call unipolar are actually pseudounipoalr neurons present in dorsal and sensory root ganglion similar ganglion preset in cranial nerve

Question 9

have two processes that has two extensions (one axon and one dendrite)

Answer 9

• bipolar
• present in retina cochlear sensory epithelium of ear and vestibular epithelium concerned with balance are unmyelinated and rare

Question 10

neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites

Answer 10

• multipolar
• typical neuron located everywhere bc most neurons in cns are multipolar neurons of the autonomic nervous system, interneurons, pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex, and Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex

Question 11

functional classification of neurons are

Answer 11

sensory neurons motor neurons and interneurons

Question 12

neurons that bring information to cns

Answer 12

sensory neurons

Question 13

neurons that bring information from cns to muscle and glands

Answer 13

motor neurons

Question 14

communicate between sensory and motor neurons

Answer 14

interneurons

Question 15

neuron most abundant in body is

Answer 15

interneurons 99.9% of total neuron number

Question 16

classification according to length of neurons are

Answer 16

golgi type 2 neurons and golgi type 1 neurons

Question 17

extremely small neurons are called

Answer 17

golgi type 2 neurons

Question 18

long neurons are called

Answer 18

golgi type 1 neurons

Question 19

axonal transport is inhibited by

Answer 19

colchicine which depolymerises microtubules

Question 20

types of axonal transport are

Answer 20

fast anterograde slow anterograde fast retrograde

Question 21

transport all newly synthesised membraneous organelle and precursors of nt mediated by neurotubules and kinesis

Answer 21

fast anterograde

Question 22

transporting fibrillar cytoskeletal and protoplasmic elements

Answer 22

slow anterograde

Question 23

returns used materials from the axon terminal to the cell body for degradation and recycling transports nerve growth factor, neurotropic viruses, and toxins, such as herpes simplex, rabies, poliovirus, and tetanus toxin. It is mediated by neurotubules and dynein

Answer 23

fast retrograde

Question 24

nissll substances

Answer 24

Nissl substance is found in the nerve cell body (perikaryon) and dendrites, not in the axon hillock or axon has a role in protein synthesis

Question 25

all motor neurons are

Answer 25

multipolar neurons

Question 26

one neuron synapses with several effectively

Answer 26

divergence

Question 27

several neurons synapse with a single neuron concentrating the input

Answer 27

convergence

Question 28

simultaneous processing of different information

Answer 28

parallel processing

Question 29

only one stimulus is attended at a time

Answer 29

serial porcessing

Question 30

site of communication between two nerve cells or nerve cell and effector cell

Answer 30

synapses

Question 31

most common synapse

Answer 31

chemical synapse

Question 32

space between two cells signal transduction via neurotransmitter

Answer 32

chemical synapse

Question 33

direct physical contact between cells direct signal transduction

Answer 33

electrical synapse

Question 34

rare but occurs in cns and heart

Answer 34

electrical synapse

Question 35

normal function of serotonin

Answer 35

emotions judgment sleep

Question 36

imbalance of serotonin

Answer 36

depression suicidal behaviour anxiety impulsive behavior | eating disorders

Question 37

imbalance of glutamate / gaba

Answer 37

memory disturbances sleep disturbances anxiety

Question 38

normal function of dopamine

Answer 38

mood movement memory

Question 39

imbalance of dopamine

Answer 39

movement disorders schizophrenia addiction

Question 40

normal function of endorphins

Answer 40

relieve pain induce euphoria

Question 41

layers of the cortex

Answer 41

six in total 1. Molecular Layer 2. External Granular Layer 3. External Pyramidal Layer 4. Internal Granular Layer 5. Internal Pyramidal Layer 6. Polymorphic Layer

Question 42

largest and numerous cell in cns

Answer 42

astrocytes

Question 43

part of blood brain barrier structural framework & repairs regulation of ions, nutrients, gases

Answer 43

astrocytes

Question 44

allow controlled communication between nerve cells

Answer 44

astrocytes

Question 45

produce myelin in cns

Answer 45

oligodendrocytes

Question 46

protein which increases speed of information

Answer 46

myelin sheath

Question 47

smallest cell in cns

Answer 47

microglia

Question 48

engulf and ingest pathogens and cellular debris

Answer 48

microglia

Question 49

lining of ventricles & central canal specialized to produce CSF

Answer 49

ependymal cells

Question 50

responsible for myelination (peripheral axons)

Answer 50

schwann cells

Question 51

involved in repair mechanism after injury (Wallerian Degeneration)

Answer 51

schwann cells

Question 52

primary excitation units of the mammalian prefrontal cortex and the corticospinal tract

Answer 52

pyramidal cells

Question 53

cell collecting and processing inputs from auditory and other sources before transmitting information to higher levels of the auditory system

Answer 53

fusiform cells

Question 54

fusiform cells are located in

Answer 54

the sixth layer of the cerebral cortex (polymorphic layer)

Question 55

found in granular layer of cerebellum make up most of cerebellum it receive and process information from mossy fibres and climbing fibres

Answer 55

granular (stellate) cells

Question 56

multipolar GABAergic interneurons that function to make inhibitory synapses and control the overall potentials of target cells

Answer 56

basket cells

Question 57

are located in the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia and sen- | sory ganglia of cranial nerves CN 5 7 9 10

Answer 57

pseudounipolar neurons

Question 58

are found in the cochlear and vestibular ganglia of CN 8 1 and retina

Answer 58

bipolar neurons

Question 59

brain tumors are classified as

Answer 59

glial (50%) or nonglial (50%)