Skull Flashcards
What are the 12 cranial nerves and which has 3 divs
CNI Olfactory n CNII Optic n CNIII Oculomotor n CNIV Trochlear n CNV Trigeminal n: CNV1Ophthalmic n CNV2 Maxillary n CNV3 Mandibular n
CNVI Abducent=Abducens n CNVII Facial n CNVIII Vestibulocochlear n CNIX Glossopharyngeal n CNX Vagus n CNXI Accessory n CNXII Hypoglossal n
what are the purly sensory Cns (3)
Olfactory
Optic
Vestibulochochlear
what are the pruley motor Cns (5)
Occulomotor Trochlear Abducens Accessory Hypoglossal
what are the mixed Cns (4)
Trigeminal (3rd div- Mandibular)
Facial
Glossopharengeal
Vagus
What are the only two sensory Cns that have bipolar neurons
Olfactory and Optic
sensory usually have unipolar
what types of neurons are motor cells
multipolar
what are nuclei and ganglia
Nuclei- accumulation of neuronal cells in brain stem
Ganglia- accumulation of neuronal cells outside of the brain stem
what are the 2 locations of sensory and motor components (and their 2 sub categories)
Somatic (muscle)
Visceral
sub- specific or general (all over body)
is motor visceral sympathetic or parasympathetic
parasympathetic
which CN is from each pharangeal arch
1- CN 5
2- CN 7
3- CN 9
4- CN 10
muscles from each pharangeal arch
1- Mastication mm (4 pairs)
Mylohyoid m, anterior belly of digastric m
Tensor veli palatini m
Tensor tympani m
2- Facial expression mm
Stylohyid m, posterior belly of digastric m
Stapedius m
3- Stylopharyngeus m
4- Mm of pharynx, larynx, and soft palate
what is the passage of pain
Sensory from periphery through ganglia and then to sensory nuclei
path of motor visceral special, motor somatic and motor visceral general (parasympathetic)
Motor special + somatic- brain stem nucleus thru LMN to innervation
Motor visceral general- nucleus in brainstem, preganglionic neurons come out and synapse in motor parasynthetic ganglion, then out of that comes postganglionic parasympathetic axons that go to wtvr eg glands
what are LMNs
CNs that innervate striated skeletal muscle
symptoms of a LMN lesion
Paresis Loss of muscle tone Loss of tendon reflex Rapid atrophy Fasciculation
symptoms of general visceral motor (parasympathetic) pathway
decrease of glandular secretion
paralysis of smooth muscle
symptoms of peripheral sensory nerve lesion
loss or abnormal sensation lost on one side
where is the Pterion craniometic point found
junction of sphenoid greater wing, frontal squama, temporal squama and parietal bones
why is a fracture of the pterion fatal
may rupture frontal branch of the middle meningeal artery which can cause epidural hemorrhage
scalp layers out to in
Skin Dense C/t Epicranial oponerosis loose c/t pericranium Calvaria (skull bone, 2 layers w diploe inside)
Layers of dura
- dura mater - with venous sinus inbetween
- arachnoid ( under there is a sub arachnoid space w CSF)
- Pia mater- covers brain
what is the hyposheseal fossa for
pituitary gland
what runs through the cavernous sinus
internal carotid artery
CN 3,4,5
what two processes does the maxilla have and what do they connect with
palantine processes that connect with the horzontal and perpendicular palantine bones (with vomer bone located middle /post)
how are neurocranial and facial bones formed
facial- endrocondral ossification
neurocranial- intermembrous ossification
margins and angles of parietal bone
margins top- saggital front- frontal bottom- squamous post- occiptial
angles top front- frontal bottom front- sphenoid top back- occipital bottom back- mastoid
branches of medial maningeal artery
frontal- goes up to sup sagital groove
parietal- runs posteriorly
