Skull Flashcards
Define the term neurocranium. What cell type is it derived from?
Neurocranium = the portion of the skull that surrounds the brain; derived from head mesoderm.
What are the 8 bones of the neurocranium?
frontal ethmoid sphenoid occipital temporal (pair) parietal (pair)
Define the term viscerocranium. What cell type is it derived from?
Viscerocranium = the portion of the skull that forms the bones of the face; derived from neural crest cells
What are the 15 bones of the viscerocranium?
mandible ethmoid vomer maxilla (pair) inferior nasal concha (pair) zygomatic (pair) palatine (pair) nasal (pair) lacrimal (pair)
What is the calvarium?
“skullcap”; top part of the skull
What are the 6 bones of the calvarium?
frontal; parietal (2); occipital, temporal (2)
What sinus is contained in the frontal bone?
frontal sinus
What is the nasion?
the point of contact between the frontal bone and the 2 nasal bones
What is the pterion?
The “H” shaped area where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones meet
What is directly underneath the pterion?
middle meningeal artery
What is the clivus? What rests against it? What bones make it up?
The clivus is a flat area made up of the sphenoid and occipital bones that the brainstem rests against.
What 3 foramen are part of the occipital bone?
hypoglossal foramen jugular foramen foramen magnum
What passes through the jugular foramen?
IX, X, XI; internal jugular vein
What passes through the hypoglossal foramen?
XII
What bone houses the middle & inner ear spaces and the acoustic meatus?
temporal bone
What 2 bones are part of the jugular foramen?
occipital, temporal
Through what hole do the branchial fibers of VII pass, and in what bone is this hole?
stylomastoid foramen of the temporal bone
What rests right on top of the cribriform plate?
olfactory bulbs
What is the vertical top part of the ethmoid bone called?
crista galli
What are the 5 parts of the sphenoid bone?
Greater wings (2) Lesser wings (2) sella turcica
What structure lies in the sella turcica?
pituitary gland
What vertical bone is directly beneath the perpedicular plate (like a continuation of the perpendicular plate)? What is the purpose of this bone?
vomer - forms part of the nasal septum
What 3 structures does the palatine bone participate in?
- forms a small part of the nasal septum 2. forms the posterior third of the hard palate 3. forms the posterior lateral wall of the nasal cavities
What small bone is on the medial wall of the orbit? What duct runs along here?
lacrimal bones - lacrimal duct
What is the nasion?
Where the two nasal bones meet with the frontal bone
What bone forms the prominence of the cheek?
zygomatic bone
What is the only synovial joint of the skull?
temporomandibular joint (mandibular bone and temporal bone) - articulation of the jaw
What 2 ligaments limit the opening of the jaw?
stylomandibular ligament sphenomandibular ligament
What are the major sutures of the skull?
sagittal (two parietal bones)
coronal (parietal bones and frontal bone)
lambdoid (parietal bones and occipital bone)
What are the 4 vertices of the skull?
asterion, lambda, pterion, bregma
Name 3 fossae of the skull.
temporal fossa - superior to zygomatic arch
infratemporal fossa - inferior to zygomatic arch
pterygopalatine fossa - narrow space between palatine bones and sphenoid bones
What attaches to the styloid process?
- stylohyoid ligament
- stylomandibular ligament
- styloglossus muscle (hypoglossal nerve)
- stylohyoid muscle (facial nerve)
- stylopharyngeus muscle (glossopharyngeal nerve)
