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_Anat./GIE #4 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are C1 and C2 called?

A

C1: atlas
C2: axis

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2
Q

What is special about C7?

A

Has the vertebra prominens

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3
Q

Which foramina transversaria do the vertebral arteries pass through?

A

The vertebral arteries pass through the foramina transversaria of C1 - C6 but BYPASS the transverse foramen of C7.

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4
Q

What is the major ligament to prevent hyperextension of the neck?

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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5
Q

What is the tectorial membrane?

A

That’s what the posterior longitudinal ligament is called at C1 and C2.

Netter 23

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6
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

prevents hyperflexion of the neck

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7
Q

What is the MAJOR preventer of hyperflexion of the neck?

A

nuchal ligament

Netter 22

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8
Q

What level is the cruciate ligament at?

A

unique to C1 and C2

Netter 23

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9
Q

What is the function of the cruciate ligament?

A

to allow rotation of the skull while preventing damage to the adjacent cervical spinal cord

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10
Q

What level is the alar (check) ligament at?

A

unique to C1

Netter 23

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11
Q

What is the function of the alar ligaments?

A

to prevent over-rotation of the skull

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12
Q

What other bones does the hyoid bone articulate with?

A

NONE

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13
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

A

The hyoid bone is raised (to allow swallowing) and lowered (to allow respiration).

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14
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. mylohyoid
  2. stylohyoid
  3. geniohyoid
  4. digastric

Netter 53

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15
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. sternohyoid
  2. omohyoid
  3. sternothyroid
  4. thyrohyoid
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16
Q

What is contained in the superficial compartment?

A

Platysma muscle

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17
Q

What 2 sets of muscles are contained in the deep investing compartment?

A
  1. Within the deep cervical fascia layer:
    SCM
    trapezius
  2. Deep to the deep cervical fascia layer:
    the infrahyoid muscles
18
Q

What nerves are contained in the deep investing compartment?

A

accessory nerve

ansa cervicalis

19
Q

What glands are contained in the deep investing compartment?

A

submandibular

parotid

20
Q

What muscles are contained in the prevertebral compartment?

A

anterior group - FLEX

posterior group - EXTEND

21
Q

What nerves are contained in the prevertebral compartment?

A

phrenic

nerves of the occipital triangle

22
Q

What are the anterior group (flex) muscles of the prevertebral compartment?

A

longus colli and longus capitus

scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)

23
Q

What are the posterior group (extend) muscles of the prevertebral compartment?

A
  1. erector spinae muscles (longissimus, spinalis)
  2. deep cervical muscles (splenius, semispinalis capitis)
  3. muscles of the occipital triangle (rectus capitis, obliquus capitis)
24
Q

What is in the pretracheal compartment?

A 
thyroid
parathyroid
larynx
trachea
esophagus
25
Q

What is in the carotid compartment?

A

common carotid artery
vagus nerve
internal jugular vein

26
Q

What is in the retropharyngeal compartment? Why is it important?

A

NOTHING is in this compartment - it is a potential route for infections of the throat to spread to the root of the neck and mediastinum.

27
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

28
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

midline, mandible, anterior edge of SCM

29
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

clavicle
lateral edge of trapezius
posterior edge of SCM

30
Q

What are the contents of the root of the neck?

A

brachiocephalic trunk
subclavian artery on the right
subclavian artery on the left
contents of the pretracheal fascia

31
Q

What are the 2 sub-triangles of the posterior triangle?

A
  1. omoclavicular or subclavian triangle

2. occipital triangle

32
Q

What is the most important structure of the occipital sub-triangle of the posterior triangle?

A

the accessory nerve (CN XI)

33
Q

What are the 4 sub-triangles of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A
  1. muscular triangle
  2. carotid triangle
  3. submandibular triangle
  4. mental triangle
34
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle of the anterior triangle?

A

infrahyoid muscles

thyroid and parathyroid glands

35
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle of the anterior triangle?

A

carotid sheath and its contents

inferior root of the ansa cerivcalis

36
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle of the anterior triangle?

A

submandibular gland

37
Q

What runs along with the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein?

A

vagus nerve

38
Q

What structure runs on top of the anterior scalene muscle?

A

phrenic nerve

39
Q

What structure emerges between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

A

trunks of the brachial plexus

40
Q

What does the submandibular gland make a U-shape around?

A

mylohyoid muscle

41
Q

What structure runs along the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

hypoglossal nerve

42
Q

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A

ansa cervicalis does 3 out of the 4:

  1. sternohyoid
  2. omohyoid
  3. sternothyroid

and the 4th is C1:
4. thyrohyoid

_Anat./GIE #4 (15 decks)

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