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_Anat./GIE #4 > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

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1
Q

What 7 bones make up the bony orbit?

A
  1. frontal
  2. sphenoid (lesser and greater wings)
  3. ethmoid
  4. lacrimal
  5. maxillary
  6. zygomatic
  7. palatine
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2
Q

What are the 9 apertures of the bony orbit?

A

Near apex - 3:
optic canal
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure

Near base - 3:
rim of the bony orbit
fossa of lacrimal duct
superior orbital foramen

On medial and inferior walls - 3:
infraorbital groove
infraorbital foramen
ant./post. ethmoidal foramina

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3
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A
  1. CN II

2. ophthalmic artery

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4
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A
  1. CN III, IV, ophthalmic branch of V, VI

2. superior ophthalmic vein

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5
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

infraorbital nerve of V2

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6
Q

What transmits the infratrochlear nerve?

A

rim of bony orbit

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7
Q

What is in the fossa of the lacrimal duct?

A

lacrimal lake
lacrimal papillae
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct

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8
Q

What passes through the supraorbital foramen?

A

supraorbital nerve (terminal branch of frontal nerve of V1), artery, and vein

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9
Q

What passes through the infraorbital foramen?

A

infraorbital nerve (branch of V2), artery, and vein

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10
Q

What passes through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina?

A

nerves and vessels of the same name

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11
Q

Where are the tarsal plates?

A

embedded in each eyelid

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12
Q

What attaches to the tarsal plate?

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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13
Q

Describe the path of a tear.

A 
lacrimal gland
across the globe
collect in lake
drain into punctum
through lacrimal canaliculus
into lacrimal sac
through nasolacrimal duct
out into nasal cavity
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14
Q

What are the 3 muscles that move the eyelids?

A
  1. orbicularis oculi - orbital part (wink)
  2. orbicularis oculi - palpebral part (blink)
  3. levator palpebrae superioris (open)
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15
Q

What innervates orbicularis oculi?

A

CN VII

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16
Q

What innervates levator palpebrae superioris?

A

superior division of CN III

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17
Q

What is the function and innervation of the superior tarsal muscle (of Muller)?

A

smooth muscle arising from levator palpebrae superioris; opens eyes when startled; sympathetic fibers from carotid plexus

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18
Q

What are the 6 extraocular muscles?

A 
4 rectus:
superior rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus
lateral rectus

2 oblique:
superior oblique
inferior oblique

19
Q

Which extraocular muscles adduct the eye?

A

medial rectus
inferior rectus
superior rectus

20
Q

Which extraocular muscles abduct the eye?

A

lateral rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique

21
Q

Which extraocular muscles depress the eye?

A

inferior rectus

superior oblique

22
Q

Which extraocular muscles elevate the eye?

A

superior rectus

inferior oblique

23
Q

Which extraocular muscles medially rotate the eye?

A

superior rectus
superior oblique
inferior rectus

24
Q

Which extraocular muscles laterally rotate the eye?

A

inferior oblique

25
Q

Which extraocular muscles are innervated by CN VI?

A

lateral rectus

26
Q

Which extraocular muscles are innervated by CN IV?

A

superior oblique

27
Q

Which extraocular muscles are innervated by CN III?

A

all except lateral rectus and superior oblique

28
Q

Where is the common tendinous ring (annulus of Zinn)?

A

surrounds the optic canal

29
Q

What muscles arise from the common tendinous ring?

A

the 4 rectus extraocular muscles + superior oblique (basically all but inferior oblique)

30
Q

Describe the function of the ciliary muscle.

A

Changes shape of lens.
When ciliary muscle contracts, zonular fibers relax and lens thickens.
When ciliary muscle relaxes, zonular fibers tauten and lens thins.

31
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliary muscle?

A

parasympathetics of CN III

32
Q

What produces aqueous humor?

A

ciliary body

33
Q

What muscles control the size of the pupil?

A

sphincter pupillae: contracts to reduce pupil diameter

dilator pupillae: contracts to increase pupil diameter

34
Q

What is the innervation of the sphincter and dilator pupillae?

A

sphincter: parasympathetic
dilator: sympathetic
(both of CN III)

35
Q

How many photoreceptors are in the optic disc?

A

none - blind spot where CN II exits the eyeball

36
Q

What is the site of highest acuity vision?

A

fovea centralis

37
Q

What are the 3 chambers of the globe?

A

anterior chamber
posterior chamber
vitreous chamber

38
Q

What artery supplies blood to the contents of the orbit?

A

ophthalmic artery, a branch of the internal carotid

39
Q

What artery supplies the retina?

A

central artery of the retina

40
Q

What arteries supply the globe?

A

anterior and posterior ciliary arteries

41
Q

What artery supplies the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and eyelids?

A

lacrimal artery

42
Q

What nerve fibers participate in the corneal reflex?

A

somatic sensory fibers carry sensation to brain along the long & short ciliary nerves, nasociliary nerve, and ophthalmic nerve
branchial motor efferent fibers from CN VII innervating the orbiculari oculi muscle cause it to contract, closing the eyelid

43
Q

What nerve fibers participate in the pupillary light reflex?

A

special sensory sensations are carried by CN II

visceral motor parasympathetic fibers are carried by the inferior division of CN III and the parasympathetic root of the ciliary ganglion; they synapse; post-ganglionic fibers travel along short ciliary nerves into globe to pupillary constrictor muscle, causing the iris to constrict

_Anat./GIE #4 (15 decks)

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