Skorpulifur Flashcards

1
Q

nýgengi á Íslandi

A

10,3/100 þúsund

kk/kvk = 2:1

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2
Q

hver er gullstandardinn fyrir greiningu á skorpulifur

A

lifrarbiopsía

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3
Q

Hvað 2 major eventar verða í kjölfarið á lifrar anatómíu?

A

minnkað blóðflæði gegnum lifur => portal HTN

hepatocellular failure => minnkað albúmin og lengdur PT

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4
Q

Child´s classification

A
Ascites
Bilirubin
Encephalopathy
Nutritional status
Albumin
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5
Q

Child´s classification B

A
Ascites => stjórnað
Bilirubin => 34-50
Encephalopathy => minimal
Nutritional status => góður
Albumin => 28-35
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6
Q

Orsakir skorpulifrar

A
Hemochromatosis
Enzyme deficiency (a1-antitrypsin)
PBC  /  sec. biliary cirrhosis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Drugs (paracetamol, methotrexate)
Infection (B/C)  /  inherited metabolic disease (hemoch./wilsons)
Cardiac hægri
NASH
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7
Q

Complicationir af krónískum lifrarsjúkdómi (9)

A
Portal HTN
Varísur
Ascites
Hepatic encephalopahty
Hepatorenal syndrome
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Hyperestrinism
Coagulopathy
Hepatocellular carcinoma
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8
Q

Minnisregla fyrir complicationir af skorpulifur

A
Portal HTN
Encephalopathy
Ascites
Coagulopathy
Hepatorenal sx

Varices
Encephalopathy
SBP
HCC

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9
Q

Ascites

  • orsök
  • greining
  • meðferð
A
  • portal HTN og hypoalbuminemia
  • klíník, ómun, ástunga til að vita hvers eðlis
  • rúmlega, lágt Na, þvagræsilyf, ?TIPS
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10
Q

hver er algengasta afleiðing cirrhosis

A

ascites

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11
Q

Hvernig er hægt að meðhöndla portal HTN

A

transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt (TIPS)

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12
Q

Ddx á ascites

A
skorpulifur (portal HTN)
CHF
CKD
massive fluid overload
malignancy
hypoalbuminemia
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13
Q

hvað gerum við til að meta hvort ascites sé af völdum portal HTN eða ekki

A

töppum af ascites vökva

serum albumin / ascites albumin
-ef > 1,1 g/dL => líklega portal HTN

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14
Q

Varícur

-hvar

A

esophagal (blóðhósti,
rectal
caput medusae

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15
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy

  • einkenni
  • meðferð
A

breytt meðvitun, confusion (láta gera einfalt dæmi)
Asterixis
Fetor hepaticus

Rx: lactulósi (kemur í veg fyrir upptöku ammonia), minnka próteininntöku

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16
Q

Hepatorenal syndrome

-einkenni

A

-nýrnabilun v/ hypoperfusion . oliguria, azotemia, hyponatremia

horfur mjög slæmar

17
Q

SBP

  • hvaða bakteríur
  • einkenni
  • greining
A
  • e.coli, klebsiella, s. pneumoniae
  • kviðverkir, hiti
  • kviðvökvi með > 500 HBK og PMN > 250, jákv. ræktun
18
Q

Hyperestrinism

-einkenni

A

spider angiomas
palmar erythema
gynecomastica
testicular atrophy

19
Q

Coagulopathy

-einkenni

A

lengdur PT

Rx: fresh frozen plasma

20
Q

ef hiti hjá sjúklingi með ascites, hugsa um

A

ascites

21
Q

ef grunur um HCC, hvað skal gera

A

lifrarbiopsíu

22
Q

cholestyramine

A

minnkar kláða
-bindur gallsýrur

ATH hægt að nota líka í c. diff sýkingum til að hamla toxínin

23
Q

uxo deoxy cholic acid

A

PBC

-hægir á framgangi