Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

PBC vs. PSC

A

PBC => jákvætt AMA

PSC => tengsl við UC

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2
Q

Skilgreining pancreatitis

A

2 af eftirfarandi:
epigastrial verkir (leiða aftur í bak)
>3x hækkun á efri mörkum lípasa/amylasa
breyting á myndgr.

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3
Q

Pancreatitis

-orsakir

A
idiopathic / infection
gallsteinar
ethanol
trauma
sterar
mumps / malignancy
auto-immune
scorpion eitur
hyperlipidemia / hypercalcemia
ERCP
drugs (metronidazole, tetracycline, þvagræsilyf)
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4
Q

hvaða lyf geta valdið pancreatitis

A
sulfonamides
thiazid / furosemide
estrogens
HIV lyf
metronidazole
tetracycline
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5
Q

Hvernig greinum við pancreatitis?

A

Saga/skoðun

Blóðrannsóknir

Ómskoðun / TS

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6
Q

hverjar eru algengustu orsakir Pancreatitis

A

alkóhól

gallsteinar

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7
Q

Afhverju verður hypocalcemia v/ acute pancreatitis

A

fat saponification

-fitu necrósan bindur kalsíum

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8
Q

Ransons´s criteria

A

Segir til um alvarleika pancreatitis

admission criteria => G LAW
Initial 48 hours criteria => C HOBBS

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9
Q

GA LAW

A

admission criteria

Glucose > 100 mmól/L
Age > 55 ár
LDH >350
AST > 250
WBS > 16 þús
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10
Q

C HOBBS

A

initial 48 h criteria

Calcium < 2 mmól/L
Hematocrit minnkun um >10%
O2 hlutþrýst < 60 mmHg
BUN increase > 1,8 mmól/L e. IV hydration
Base deficit > 4 mEq/L
Sequestration á fluid > 6 L
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11
Q

Complicationir af pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic necrosis (sterile eða sýkt)

Pseudocystur í pancreas

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis

ascites, cholangitis, abscess

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12
Q

hvernig getur maður greint á milli sterile eða sýkts necrotising pancreatitis?

A

með CT stýrðri fínnálarstungu

-gera grams litun og ræktun

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13
Q

hver er munurinn á cystu og pseudocystu?

A

cysta er með epithelial lining en ekki pseudo

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14
Q

hver eru einkenni hemorrhagic pancreatitis?

hvernig greinir maður?

A

ecchymoses í
síðum, periumbilical, inguinal ligament

CT með contrast

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15
Q

Meðferð við pancreatitis

A

mild => pain control, bowel rest, IV vökvi

severe => setja á GG, snemma enteral næring. Ef >30% necrósa gefa proph. sýklalyf

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16
Q

er sniðugt að gefa morfín við pancreatitis

A

nei, getur aukið þrýstinginn í spchinter of Oddi

gefa frekar fentanyl eða meperidine

17
Q

Greiningarskilmerki chronic pancreatitis

A
  • krónískur epigastic verkur og kalkanir á mynd

- fituskita, DM og briskalkanir á mynd

18
Q

algengasta orsök chronic pancreatitis

A

áfengi (>80%)

19
Q

algengast er að briskrabbamein sé í hvaða hluta

A

head (75%)

20
Q

einkenni briskrabbameins

A
kviðverkir
gula
þyngdartap
sykuróþol
þreifanleg gallblaðra (verkjalaus)
21
Q

Briskrabbi greining

A

ERCP

CT fyrir dreifingu

æxlisvísar => CA 19-9