Skin Types And Conditions/skin Diseases And Disorders

Question 1

Remember this!!!

Answer 1

Basal layer= mitosis. New skin cells are formed through cell division to replace those shed continuously from the upper layers of the epidermis

Question 2

The acid mantle

Answer 2

The acid mantle is made up of sebum which mixes with lactic and amino acids from sweat to create the skin’s pHz should be slightly acidic at about 5.5

Question 3

What is wheals?

Answer 3

Solid formation above the skin, often caused by an insect bite or allergic reaction (hives)

Question 4

Treatments that cannot be performed on primary skin lesions (2)

Answer 4

1. Vesicles- small fluid filled sacs. Sometimes known as blisters
2. Tumours- solid masses in the skin. Nodule is a small tumour. Cyst is a sac containing liquid substance

Question 5

Secondary skin lesions where treatments cannot be performed: (4)

Answer 5

1. Crusts- scabs
2. Excoriation- injuries or mechanical abrasions to the epidermis (skin picking disorder/ scratches)
3. Fissure- cracks in the skin (chapped lips, tear, open skin)
4. Ulcers

Question 6

Skin growths (2)

Answer 6

1. Keratosis pilaris- build up of cells on the epidermis (red dots on skin)
2. Actinic keratosis

Question 7

Pigmentation abnormalities- dyschromia (abnormal pigmentation) (3) 🕷️🍓☀️

Answer 7

Melanoderma (excess production of melanin)

Leucoderma (lack of pigmentation)

1. Telangiectasia- thread like red lines or patterns on the skin (spider veins)
2. Strawberry haemangioma- raised marks on the skin (usually red and disappear around age 7)
3. Solar lentigines- liver spots (small dark areas on the skin, very common in adults over 50)

Question 8

Disorders of the sebaceous glands (4)

Answer 8

1. Seborrhoea- a condition where there is excess secretion of the sebaceous glands; oily skin types. (Red patches of skin)
2. Steatoma- harmless tumour of sebaceous gland filled with sebum. Usually on scalp, neck and back
3. Asteatosis- dry, scaly skin caused by reduced sebum production
4. Acne vulgaris & cystic acne

Question 9

Disorders of the Sudoriferous glands (4)

Answer 9

1. Milia rubra- heat rash, large reddened area of skin usually on trunk or thighs
2. Hyperhidrosis- excessive sweating, caused by body weakness
3. Bromidrosis- body odours caused by the yeast and bacteria that can break down sweat
4. Anhidrosis- inability to sweat normally. Overexposure ti sun or high fever due to illness

Question 10

Inflammation disorders where treatments CAN be performed (3)

Answer 10

1. Atopic dermatitis- itchy red rash where skin is prone to extreme dryness and cracking (often inherited)
2. Contact dermatitis- inflamed red, itchy, irritated skin with dry flaky areas caused by allergic reaction.
3. Seborrhoeic dermatitis- rush, with pinkish, yellow patches that have an oily appearance linked to oil production.

Question 11

Skin disorders where treatments cannot be performed (5)

Answer 11

1. Keratoacanthomas- common skin growth, often with a central horn or plug.
2. Actinic keratoses- dry scaly patches of skin that I have been damaged by the Sun.
3. Acne rosacea
4. Psoriasis
5. Eczema

Question 12

Types of skin cancer (3)

Answer 12

1. Squamous cell carcinoma- irregular, crusted red papule, occurs in sun exposed areas. Needs to be completely removed
2. Basal cel carcinoma- translucent with irregular borders and tiny blood vessels. Typically in sun-exposed areas. Must be completely removed
3. Malignant melanoma- evolves from flat or raised pigmented lesions anywhere on the body. Most dangerous skin growth