Microbiology

Question 1

5 different types of bacteria

Answer 1

1. Staphylococci= pus forming bacteria cells (clusters). Present in pustules or boils
2. Streptococci= forms in long chains and can cause septicaemia (blood poisoning), strep throat etc.
3. Diplococci= grow in pairs, cause of certain infections such as pneumonia
4. Bacilli= most common form of bacterial cells. Rod shaped cells. Tetanus, bacterial influenza
5. Spirilla= spiralled shaped bacterial cells cause highly contagious diseases such as STD’s, cholera and Lyme disease

Question 2

Viruses: (3)

Answer 2

1. Human hepatitis, A, B and C:

Hepatitis A is highly contagious by person-to-person contact or consumption of contaminated water

Hepatitis B and C, a blood-borne pathogens transmitted from person to person through blood or body fluids

2. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV):
   Virus that can lead to AIDS
   HIV interferes with the bodies, natural immune system and causes it to break down
3. Human papilloma virus (HPV)
   Common viral infection that can lead health problems such as genital, warts, plantar, wart, cervical changes in cervical cancer

Question 3

Life-cycle of bacteria (4):

Answer 3

1. The lag phase: in this phase bacteria do not grow. They produce amino acid and vitamins, which are required for division bacteria, also make copies of DNA during the stage.
2. The log phase: in this phase bacteria get multiplied very rapidly. This is also known as generation time.
3. The stationary phase.: this phase is known as the decline of bacteria growth growth in death rates are equal in the stationary phase
4. The death phase.: in this phase bacteria lose the ability to reproduce