Skin Structure And Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What % of the skin is water?

A

50%-70%

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2
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin. It’s contains no blood vessels.

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3
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

also known as the horny layer, epidermis’ outer layer and is what we see when we look at the skin. It has overlapping skin cells and forms a barrier to protect underlying tissues from infection, dehydration, chemicals, and mechanical stress.

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4
Q

Keratin

A

fibrous protein that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails.

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5
Q

Barrier function

A

complex of lipids that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation and guards against irritants penetrating the skin surface; and to help regulate the skin’s pH

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6
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

the clear, translucent layer under the stratum corneum; it consists of small cells through which light can pass. This layer is located only on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and digits.

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7
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

also known as the granular layer, is the layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin. The cells die as they are pushed to the surface to replace dead cells shed from the stratum corneum.

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8
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

also known as the spiny layer, is just above the stratum germinativum. The spiny layer is where the process of skin cell shedding begins. The spinosum is the largest layer of the epidermis.

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9
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A

basal cell layer is the epidermis’ deepest layer. This is the living layer where everything starts or germinates! This layer produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for the growth of the epidermis. It is composed of several layers. The basal cell layer also contains melanin cells.

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10
Q

Dermis

A

AKA: derma, corium, cutis, or true skin, is the underlying or inner layer. The dermis extends to form the subcutaneous tissue. The highly sensitive dermis layer of connective tissue is about 25 times thicker than the epidermis.

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11
Q

The Papillary Layer

A

The dermis’ outer layer, directly below the epidermis

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12
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis. Some papillae contain looped capillaries, and others contain small epidermal structures called tactile corpuscles , with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure

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13
Q

Tactile Corpuscles

A

small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure

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14
Q

Hair papillae

A

cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

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15
Q

dermal/epidermal junction (DEJ)

A

top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis

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16
Q

Reticular Layer

A

deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients

It contains the following structures within its network:

Blood vessels

Lymph vessels

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands

Hair follicles

Arrector pili muscles

Nerve endings

17
Q

Arrector Pilli Muscles

A

small involuntary muscle in the dermis that attaches to the hair follicle; contraction of the muscle causes hair to stand, causing goosebumps

18
Q

Subcutaneous Layer

A

also known as hypodermis or superficial fascia; consists of subcutaneous (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis

19
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fats for energy, and acts as a protective cushion for the skin

20
Q

Motor Nerve Fibers

A

fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles

21
Q

Secretory Nerve Fibers

A

regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin

22
Q

Sensory Nerve Fibers

A

send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain.

23
Q

Collagen and Elastin

A

Make up 70% of the dermis

24
Q

Collagen

A

fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; that gives the skin form and strength

25
Q

Elastin

A

a protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue. Elastin is interwoven with the collagen fibers. Elastin fiber gives the skin its flexibility and elasticity. It helps the skin regain its shape, even after being repeatedly stretched by external factors like tugging or pulling

26
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

27
Q

Secretory oil

A

the coiled base of the sudoriferous gland, and a tube-like sweat duct that ends at the skin’s surface to form the sweat pore.

28
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

also known as oil glands, are connected to the hair follicles. They consist of little sacs with ducts that open into the follicles. These glands secrete sebum.

29
Q

Sebum

A

a fatty or oily substance that lubricates the skin and preserves hair’s softness. With the exceptions of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, these glands are found in all body parts, particularly in the face and scalp, where they are larger.

30
Q

What are the skin functions?

A
  1. Protection
    - such as bacteria invasion
  2. Sensation
  3. Heat regulation
  4. Excretion
  5. Secretion
  6. Absorbtion