Skin Structure And Growth

Question 1

What % of the skin is water?

Answer 1

50%-70%

Question 2

Epidermis

Answer 2

The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin. It’s contains no blood vessels.

Question 3

Stratum Corneum

Answer 3

also known as the horny layer, epidermis’ outer layer and is what we see when we look at the skin. It has overlapping skin cells and forms a barrier to protect underlying tissues from infection, dehydration, chemicals, and mechanical stress.

Question 4

Keratin

Answer 4

fibrous protein that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails.

Question 5

Barrier function

Answer 5

complex of lipids that keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation and guards against irritants penetrating the skin surface; and to help regulate the skin’s pH

Question 6

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 6

the clear, translucent layer under the stratum corneum; it consists of small cells through which light can pass. This layer is located only on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and digits.

Question 7

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 7

also known as the granular layer, is the layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin. The cells die as they are pushed to the surface to replace dead cells shed from the stratum corneum.

Question 8

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 8

also known as the spiny layer, is just above the stratum germinativum. The spiny layer is where the process of skin cell shedding begins. The spinosum is the largest layer of the epidermis.

Question 9

Stratum Germinativum

Answer 9

basal cell layer is the epidermis’ deepest layer. This is the living layer where everything starts or germinates! This layer produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for the growth of the epidermis. It is composed of several layers. The basal cell layer also contains melanin cells.

Question 10

Dermis

Answer 10

AKA: derma, corium, cutis, or true skin, is the underlying or inner layer. The dermis extends to form the subcutaneous tissue. The highly sensitive dermis layer of connective tissue is about 25 times thicker than the epidermis.

Question 11

The Papillary Layer

Answer 11

The dermis’ outer layer, directly below the epidermis

Question 12

Dermal Papillae

Answer 12

membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis. Some papillae contain looped capillaries, and others contain small epidermal structures called tactile corpuscles , with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure

Question 13

Tactile Corpuscles

Answer 13

small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure

Question 14

Hair papillae

Answer 14

cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

Question 15

dermal/epidermal junction (DEJ)

Answer 15

top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis

Question 16

Reticular Layer

Answer 16

deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients

It contains the following structures within its network:

Blood vessels

Lymph vessels

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands

Hair follicles

Arrector pili muscles

Nerve endings

Question 17

Arrector Pilli Muscles

Answer 17

small involuntary muscle in the dermis that attaches to the hair follicle; contraction of the muscle causes hair to stand, causing goosebumps

Question 18

Subcutaneous Layer

Answer 18

also known as hypodermis or superficial fascia; consists of subcutaneous (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis

Question 19

Subcutaneous tissue

Answer 19

also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fats for energy, and acts as a protective cushion for the skin

Question 20

Motor Nerve Fibers

Answer 20

fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles

Question 21

Secretory Nerve Fibers

Answer 21

regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin

Question 22

Sensory Nerve Fibers

Answer 22

send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain.

Question 23

Collagen and Elastin

Answer 23

Make up 70% of the dermis

Question 24

Collagen

Answer 24

fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; that gives the skin form and strength

Question 25

Elastin

Answer 25

a protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue. Elastin is interwoven with the collagen fibers. Elastin fiber gives the skin its flexibility and elasticity. It helps the skin regain its shape, even after being repeatedly stretched by external factors like tugging or pulling

Question 26

Sudoriferous Glands

Answer 26

also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

Question 27

Secretory oil

Answer 27

the coiled base of the sudoriferous gland, and a tube-like sweat duct that ends at the skin’s surface to form the sweat pore.

Question 28

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 28

also known as oil glands, are connected to the hair follicles. They consist of little sacs with ducts that open into the follicles. These glands secrete sebum.

Question 29

Sebum

Answer 29

a fatty or oily substance that lubricates the skin and preserves hair’s softness. With the exceptions of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, these glands are found in all body parts, particularly in the face and scalp, where they are larger.

Question 30

What are the skin functions?

Answer 30

1. Protection
   - such as bacteria invasion
2. Sensation
3. Heat regulation
4. Excretion
5. Secretion
6. Absorbtion