Skin Disorders And Diseases Flashcards
Lesions
structural changes in the tissues caused by damage or injury. Any mark, wound, or irregularity is described as a lesion. The three types of lesions are primary, secondary, and tertiary
Primary Lesions
lesions in the initial stages of development or change. The lesions are a different color than the surrounding skin and can be flat and/or raised above the skin’s surface
Secondary Skin Lesions
characterized by an accumulation of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or by depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer. These may require a medical referral
Milia
are tiny benign (harmless), keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening. They develop when skin flakes become trapped in small pockets near the skin’s surface.
Acne
a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as Propionibacterium acnes
Epidermoid cyst
also known as sebaceous cyst; large, protruding, pocketlike lesion filled with keratin; frequently seen on the scalp and back
Seborrheic Dermatitis
a skin condition caused by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands and is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, stubborn dandruff, crusting, and/or itchiness
Anhidrosis
a deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat; it is often a result of damage to autonomic nerves. This
Bromhidrosis
foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet, generally caused by bacteria
Dermatitus
a generalized term for any inflammatory skin condition. Various forms include lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules. Referral
Eczema
is an uncomfortable inflammatory skin disease that is often chronic. It is characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching. There are several different types of eczema. The most common is atopic eczema, which is a genetic disorder
Impetigo
a contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions. Staphylococcus bacteria usually cause it. Impetigo typically occurs on the face (especially around the nasal passages) and is most frequently seen in children, although it can manifest at any age
Herpes Simplex 1
a recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore, although many people have no symptoms. It is characterized by the eruption of a single vesicle or group of vesicles on a red swollen base. The blisters usually appear on the lips, nostrils, or other part of the face
Hypertrophy
an irregular growth of the skin. Many hypertrophies are benign (harmless).
Keratoma
an acquired superficial thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is a keratoma caused by repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet
Mole
a small spot or blemish on the skin. Moles range in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black. Some moles are small and flat, resembling freckles; others are raised and darker in color
Verruca
also known as a wart, is a hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis. It is caused by a virus and is infectious
Chloasma
a condition characterized by hyperpigmentation in spots that are not elevated and is generally caused by cumulative sun exposure or aging
Lentigines
the technical term for freckles—small yellow to brown spots on skin exposed to sunlight and air
Melasma
also known as the mask of pregnancy, is a type of hormonal hyperpigmentation disorder that appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills. It has an identifiable pattern of solid fairly symmetrical hyperpigmentation, often on the forehead, cheeks, upper lip, and chin
Nevus
also known as a birthmark, is a malformation of the skin due to irregular pigmentation or dilated capillaries
Stain
an irregular brown or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape. The permanent color is due to the presence of darker pigment. Stains can be present at birth, or they can appear during aging; after certain diseases; or after the disappearance of moles, freckles, and age spots.
Leukoderma
a skin disorder characterized by light or white irregular patches (hypopigmentation) caused by a burn, a scar, inflammation, or a congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells. Examples are vitiligo and albinism.
Retention hyperkeratosis
the hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle, forming an obstruction that clogs follicles and exacerbates inflammatory acne lesions, such as papules and pustules.
Intrinsic factors
Skin-aging factors over which there is little control
Extrinsic factors
environmental factors that contribute to skin aging
Free radicals
unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging. These molecules, over time, can have a devastating effect on the body, causing skin wrinkling and sagging, particularly on the face and neck.
Bullae
A big blister caused by contact dermatitis and large second-degree burns is an example of primary lesions called
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
It is characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules.
Keloid
a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue
