I'm so grateful I passed my test<3

Question 1

lanthionine bonds

Answer 1

bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers

Question 2

anagen phase

Answer 2

growth phase; new hair is produced

Question 3

polypeptide chain

Answer 3

long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 4

cysteine

Answer 4

amino acid with a sulfur (S) atom that joins together two peptide strands

Question 5

catagen phase

Answer 5

brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle; signals the end of the growth phase

Question 6

telogen phase

Answer 6

also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed

Question 7

side bonds

Answer 7

bonds that cross-link polypeptide chains and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair; account for about one-third of hair’s overall strength

Question 8

peptide bond

Answer 8

also known as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end, to form a polypeptide chain

Question 9

salt bond

Answer 9

weak physical cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH

Question 10

hydrogen bond

Answer 10

weak physical cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat

Question 11

disulfide bond

Answer 11

strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cysteine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder

Question 12

Which layer of hair is responsible for strength, elasticity, and color?

Answer 12

The cortex

Question 13

In the context of side bonds, which of the following is a similarity between hydrogen bonds and salt bonds?

Answer 13

Both result from attracting opposite charges

Question 14

pityriasis capitis simplex

Answer 14

technical term for classic dandruff; characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and itchy scalp

Question 15

furuncle

Answer 15

boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the tissue surrounding a hair follicle

Question 16

monilethrix

Answer 16

technical term for beaded hair

Question 17

trichorrhexis nodosa

Answer 17

knotted hair; characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft

Question 18

hirsuties

Answer 18

growth of terminal hair on a woman’s body in an area that would not typically have terminal hair; often found on upper lip, chin, cheeks and chest

Question 19

malassezia

Answer 19

naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin; fungus that causes visibly shed skin cells, or dandruff, that can sit on the scalp and create dryness, itchiness, and discomfort

Question 20

hypertrichosis

Answer 20

condition of hair growth where the hair grows longer or thicker than usual

Question 21

ringed hair

Answer 21

variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand

Question 22

tinea

Answer 22

ringworm; contagious condition caused by fungal infection; characterized by itching, scales, and— sometimes—painful lesions

Question 23

scutula

Answer 23

dry, sulfur-yellow crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or tinea favus; has distinctive odor

Question 24

pediculosis capitis

Answer 24

infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice

Question 25

trichoptilosis

Answer 25

split ends

Question 26

canities

Answer 26

technical term for gray or white hair; results from the loss of the hair’s natural melanin pigment

Question 27

scabies

Answer 27

highly contagious condition caused by mites called Sarcoptes scabiei that lay eggs inside the skin

Question 28

tinea favosa

Answer 28

also known as tinea favus or honeycomb ringworm; fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfuryellow crusts on the scalp called scutula

Question 29

carbuncles

Answer 29

inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; a cluster of furuncles

Question 30

Alopecia areata is

Answer 30

an autoimmune disorder

Question 31

Minoxidil

Answer 31

comes in two percent and five percent

Question 32

tinea capitis

Answer 32

is a fungal scalp infection known as ringworm of the scalp. The term ringworm is used due to the circular shape of the lesion. It is characterized by red spots at the opening of the hair follicles.

Question 33

surfactant

Answer 33

also known as base detergent; cleansing or surface-active agents used in a variety of products, including shampoo

Question 34

ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)

Answer 34

active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents

Question 35

metal hydroxide relaxers

Answer 35

ionic compounds formed by a metal (sodium, potassium, or lithium) that is combined with oxygen and hydrogen

Question 36

thio relaxers

Answer 36

use reduction and oxidation to break the disulfide bonds and then reform them to a more relaxed hair texture, use the same ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) that is used in permanent waving, but at a higher concentration and a higher pH (above 10)

Question 37

lanthionization

Answer 37

process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair; they remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond

Question 38

low-pH waves

Answer 38

perms that use sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites as an alternative to ammonium thioglycolate

Question 39

sodium hydroxide relaxer

Answer 39

also known as lye relaxer or caustic soda; used to break the disulfide bonds and loosen curls

Question 40

ammonia-free waves

Answer 40

perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so there is very little odor

Question 41

calcium hydroxide

Answer 41

or Ca(OH)2, active ingredient in a no-lye based relaxer; pH level of a no-lye relaxer is typically lower than a lye-based one; often associated with dryer hair

Question 42

lye relaxers

Answer 42

also known as sodium hydroxide or caustic soda; used to break the disulfide bonds and loosen curls

Question 43

thio-free waves

Answer 43

perm that uses an ingredient other than ATG as the primary reducing agent, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine

Question 44

glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG)

Answer 44

main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions

Question 45

true acid waves

Answer 45

have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process; process more slowly than alkaline waves and do not usually produce as firm a curl as alkaline waves

Question 46

hydroxide neutralization

Answer 46

acid–alkali neutralization reaction that neutralizes (deactivates) the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of the hair and scalp; hydroxide relaxer neutralization does not involve oxidation or rebuild disulfide bonds

Question 47

hydroxide relaxers

Answer 47

used to relax the hair; contains a very strong alkali with a pH over 13; the hydroxide ion is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers

Question 48

alkaline waves

Answer 48

also known as cold waves; have pH between 9.0 and 9.6, use ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) as the reducing agent, and process without the addition of heat according to the manufacturer’s instructions

Question 49

endothermic waves

Answer 49

perm activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hood-type hairdryer

Question 50

thio neutralization

Answer 50

relies on an oxidation process to stop the action of the relaxer solution and rebuild the hair into its new form

Question 51

enzymes

Answer 51

also known as keratolytic enzymes or protein-dissolving agents; a type of chemical exfoliant that works by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells of the skin

Question 52

Galvanic current is used when

Answer 52

the objective of the treatment is to assist in delivering targeted products to the skin or prepare the skin for extractions

Question 53

the last step of a client consultation

Answer 53

completing the consent form

Question 54

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Answer 54

provides guidelines for protecting cosmetologists from chemicals that can affect their health.