Skin Structure and Function 2 Flashcards

1
Q

95% of epidermal cells are?

A

Keratinocytes

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2
Q

Epidermal cells?

A

Melanocytes (basal and suprabasal) Langerhans (suprabasal) Merkel cells (basal)

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3
Q

What happens to melanocytes in the first 3 months of foetal development?

A

MIgrate from the neural crest to the epidermis

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4
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Pigment producing dendritic cells

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5
Q

Organelles within melanocytes?

A

Melanosomes

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6
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Convert tyrosine to melanin pigment -Eumelanin (brown or black) -Phaeomelanin (red, yellow)

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7
Q

Melanin absorbs light. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

Other word for melanin granules?

A

Melanosomes

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9
Q

What colour do melanocytes stain?

A

Purple/blue

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10
Q

What protects the nuclear DNA in basal cells?

A

Melanin caps

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11
Q

What is vitalago?

A

AI disease with loss of melanocytes

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12
Q

What is albinism?

A

Disorder with genetic partial loss of pigment production

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13
Q

Nelson’s syndrome?

A

Melanin stimulating hormone is produced in XS by pituitary

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14
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A

Tumour of the melanocyte line

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15
Q

Where do Langerhan cells originate?

A

Bone marrow

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16
Q

Where do langerhan cells reside?

A

Prickle cell level in epidermis but also found in dermis and lymph nodes

17
Q

What are langerhans involved in?

A

Skin immune system -Antigen presenting cells -Pick up antigen in skin and circulate to lymph nodes

18
Q

What type of cells are langerhans?

A

Dendritic cells (dendrite means tree like)

19
Q

What does Birbeck granule do?

A

NOONE knows

20
Q

Where are merkel cells?

A

Between keratinocytes and nerve fibres in the basal layer

21
Q

What type of receptors are merkel cells?

A

Mechanoreceptors

22
Q

What is merkel cell cancer caused by?

A

Viral infection

23
Q

Odds with merkel cancer?

A

Low -High mortality rate -Rare disease

24
Q

What makes up a hair follicle?

A

Epidermal component + dermal papilla

25
Term for hair follicles?
Pilosebaceous unit
26
Cause of hair pigmentation?
Melanocytes above dermal papilla
27
What does hair always grow with?
Sebaceous gland
28
Phases of hair growth?
Anagen - growing Catagen - Involuting Telogen - Resting
29
Types of hair follicles?
Lanugo (in utero) Vellus Terminal
30
What is alopecia areata?
AI hair loss
31
Where is the nail matrix?
Under the nail
32
Name the different sections
Top left to top right -Arrector pill