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Dermatology Lectures > Skin Immunology > Flashcards

Skin Immunology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Factors that contribute to skin as an immunological system?

A

Structure
Cell types
Cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids, antimicrobial peptides
Genetics

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2
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

Overreaction to an antigen

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3
Q

What is immunodeficiency?

A

Infection not controlled

Tumours may form

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4
Q

What is the keratin layer?

A

Tough
Lipid rich
Physical Barrier

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5
Q

How is keratin layer formed?

A

Terminal differentiation of keratinocytes to corneocytes

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6
Q

Important structural proteins in keratin layer?

A

Filaggrin

Keratin

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7
Q

What is the keratin layer also known as?

A

Stratum corneum

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8
Q

What are Langerhan cells?

A

Type of dendritic cells that intersperse with keratinocytes in the epidermis
(Look like tennis rackets)

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9
Q

What type of T cells are mainly found in the epidermis?

A

CD8+ T cells

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10
Q

What layer are CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are found in?

A

The dermis

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11
Q

What process are CD4+ TH cells associated with?

A

Inflammation

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12
Q

What is TH1 associated with?

A

Psoriasis

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13
Q

What is TH2 associated with?

A

Atopic dermatitis

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14
Q

What is TH17 associated with?

A

Psoriasis

Atopic dermatitis

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15
Q

What does CD stand for?

A

Cluster of designation

eg CD8+

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16
Q

Where are T cells produced?

A

Bone marrow

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17
Q

Where are T cells sensitized?

A

Thymus

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18
Q

Expressed by means?

A

Made by, found in

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19
Q

What is the basis of cell-mediated immunity?

A

T cells

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20
Q

What are CD4+ cells?

A

Helper cells

21
Q

Types of CD4+ cells?

A

TH1 - activate macrophages to destroy microorganisms
IL2, IFNy
TH2: Help B cells to make Ab
IL4. IL5, IL6`

22
Q

What are CD8+ cells?

A

Cytoxic T cells

23
Q

What do CD8+ cells do?

A

Can kill infected cells directly

Important protection against viruses and cancer

24
Q

Different types of dendritic cells?

A

Dermal DC

Plasmacytoid

25
Q

What are dermal dendritic cells involved in?

A

Ag presenting and secreting cyto/chemokines

26
Q

Where are plasmacytoid DCs found and what do they produce?

A

IFNa

Diseased skin

27
Q

Other cell types in dermis?

A

Slide 12

28
Q

Other cell types in dermis?

A

Slide 12

29
Q

Skin condition associated with inappropriate immune response/inflammation?

A 
Psoriasis 
Atopic dermatitis 
Bullous pemphigoid 
Contact dermatitis 
Morphea/systemic sclerosis 
Urticaria 
Systemic lupus erythematous 
Skin infections 
Skin tumours
30
Q

MHC class 1 found where?

A

Found on almost all cells

31
Q

What do MHC class 1 present?

A

Ag to cytoxic T cells

Endogenous Ag

32
Q

MHC class2 found on?

A

APC (B cells, macrophages)

33
Q

What do MHC2 present to?

A

TH cells

34
Q

Plaques are irrevrrsible in Psoriasis? True or false?

A

False

Reversible

35
Q

Hallmark of psoriasis skin lesions?

A

Inflammation

36
Q

What happens when a Keratinocyte is under stress?

A

Release factors that stimulate pDC to produce IFNa

Release IL-1B/IL-6 and TNF

37
Q

Chemical signals activate Dendritic cells and then they?

A

Migrate to skin draining lymph node to present to and activate T cells (TH1 & TH17)

38
Q

Atopic eczema is commonest in?

A

Children

39
Q

How do psoriasis and atopic eczema differ?

A

Histologically

40
Q

What happens when T helper cells differentiate?

A

They either make IFNg, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL13,

41
Q

Atopic mean?

A

Allergic

42
Q

TH1 actiavtes?

A

Virus defence

43
Q

TH2 activates?

A

B cells

44
Q

Treating bad atopic eczema?

A

Antibody against IL4/IL13

Called dupilumab

45
Q

50% of patients with atopic eczema have?

A

Filigrin mutation

46
Q

Icthyosis Vulgaris?

A

Filagrin is broken but no eczema just very dry skin

47
Q

Autoimmunity factors?

A 
Lymphocyte abnormalities 
Intercell communication 
Genetic predisposition 
Anatomic alterations 
Hormonal influence 
Infection
48
Q

Type 1 immediate hypersensitivity is?

A

Allergy

IgE mediated

49
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity is —— mediated?

A

Antibody

Dermatology Lectures (19 decks)

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