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Dermatology Lectures > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Upper limb divisions superior to inferior?

A 
Axilla 
Arm 
Elbow (cubital fossa)
Forearm 
Wrist 
Hand
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2
Q

Lower limb divisions superior to inferior?

A 
Inguinal region (groin)
Thigh
Knee (popliteal fossa)
Leg 
Ankle 
Foot
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3
Q

What is below the dermis?

A

Superficial fascia (sub cutaneous tissue)

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4
Q

What is superficial fascia made up of?

A

loose connective tissue and fat

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5
Q

What structures are found in the superficial fascia?

A

Superficial blood vessels
Cutaneous nerves
Lymphatics
Sweat glands

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6
Q

What lies deep to the superficial fascia?

A

Deep fascia

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7
Q

Where is deep fascia?

A

Covers most of the body

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8
Q

Texture of deep fascia?

A

Tough, sheet like, usually white glistening

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9
Q

What is deep fascia made up of

A

Dense connective tissue

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10
Q

Appearance of deep fascia?

A

White and glistening

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11
Q

How do you name the deep fascia?

A

Name it after where it is found in the body

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12
Q

Fascia in thigh is called?

A

Fascia lata

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13
Q

Fascia in leg?

A

Crural fascia

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14
Q

What does deep fascia form?

A

Inter-muscular septa

=compartments, help form musculovenous pump returning blood against gravity towards the heart

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15
Q

2 sets of veins within limbs?

A

Superficial veins

Deep veins

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16
Q

Superficial vein appearance?

A

Smaller

Thinner

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17
Q

What do superficial veins drain into?

A

Deep veins

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18
Q

Where do deep veins run?

A

Deep to the deep fascia

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19
Q

Appearance of deep veins?

A

Larger, thicker

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20
Q

What do deep veins often occur in?

A

Neurovascular bundles

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21
Q

Superficial veins are more predictable than deep veins. True or false?

A

FALSE

Deep veins are more predictable

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22
Q

Two main superficial veins in the upper limb?

A

Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

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23
Q

Journey of cephalic vein?

A
  • Arises from dorsal venous network travels up lateral aspect of limb
  • Superiorly travels through the deltopectoral groove
  • Pierces the deep fascia to drain into axillary vein->becomes sub-clavian vein
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24
Q

What does the axillary vein become?

A

Sub-clavian vein

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25
Q

Journey of basilic vein?

A
  • Arises from dorsal venous network
  • Travels up through the medial aspect of the limb
  • Pierces deep fascia and drains into brachial vein
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26
Q

What does the basilic vein drain into?

A

Brachial vein

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27
Q

What does the cephalic vein drain into?

A

Axillary vein

28
Q

What is the connection between the cephalic and the basilic veins called? Where does it occur?

A

Median cubital vein

Cubital fossa

29
Q

2 main superficial veins in the lower limb?

A

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

30
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein arise from?

A

Dorsal venous arch

31
Q

Journey of great saphenous vein?

A

Travels up the medial aspect of the limb from the dorsal venous arch and the drains into femoral vein

32
Q

What does GSV run with?

A

Saphenous nerve

33
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

Femoral vein in the region of the femoral triangle

34
Q

What happens as the GSV travels proximally?

A

It gets bigger

35
Q

What does the small saphenous vein arise from?

A

Dorsal venous arch - lateral aspect of arch

36
Q

Journey of small saphenous vein?

A

Runs proximally up the posterior midline of the leg

37
Q

What does the small saphenous vein drain into?

A

Popliteal vein (posterior to the knee)

38
Q

What do radial and ulnar veins drain into?

A

Brachial vein and axillary

39
Q

What does subclavian vein meet to turn into the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Internal jugular

40
Q

What does brachiocephalic vein drain into?

A

Superior vena cava

41
Q

What does common iliac vein drain into?

A

IVC towards the RA of the heart

42
Q

How does blood normally flow?

A

From superficial veins into deep veins through perforating veins

43
Q

What does musculovenous pump do?

A

Push blood back towards the heart

44
Q

What do venous valaves ensure?

A

Ensure unidirectional blood flow against gravity

45
Q

What do incompetent valves result in?

A

Reverse flow into superficial veins. Become weak and dilated and therefore = varicose veins

46
Q

What is arterial venous pump system?

A

Veins benefit from the pulsation of the artery when enclosed within a vascular sheath

47
Q

Name of veins that accompany deep arteries?

A

Vena Comitantes

48
Q

What do lymphatics generally follow?

A

Veins

49
Q

Superficial lymphatics of upper limb arise from and follow?

A

Plexuses in fingers and hands

-Follow cephalic and basilic veins

50
Q

Deep lymphatics of upper limb follow?

A

Deep veins of upper limb

51
Q

What do deep lymphatics of upper limb drain into?

A

Lateral axillary lymph nodes

52
Q

What do all axillary lymph nodes drain to?

A

Sub clavian lymphatics

53
Q

Superficial lymphatics of lower limb follow?

A

Saphenous veins

54
Q

What do deep lymphatics of lower limb drain into?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

55
Q

What do external iliac lymph nodes drain into?

A

Common iliac nodes and enter lumbar lymphatics

56
Q

Lower lymphatics journey?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes
Deep inguinal lymph nodes
External iliac nodes
Common iliac lymph nodes

57
Q

What is ischaemia?

A

Inadequate oxygenation of cells/organ due to an interruption to blood supply

58
Q

Interruption of arterial blood supply could be caused by?

A 
LV failure 
Arterial bleed (injury)
Arterial rupture (aneurysm)
Occlusion of lumen 
Arterial spasm 
-External compression of Blood supply
59
Q

Increase in drainage pressure prevents?

A

Normal arterial inflow `

60
Q

What can cause increased venous pressure?

A

DVT
right or congestive HF
External compression

61
Q

What leads to thrombosis/embolilsm?

A

Immobility/venous valve failure
Venous insufficiency (chronic)
Deep venous stasis
Thrombosis/embolism

62
Q

What leads to skin ulceration?

A

Venous valve failure/immobility
Chronic venous insufficiency
Superficial microcirculatory deficiencies
Skin ulceration

63
Q

Venous ulceration is the result of?

A

Damages to blood supply in the skin and venous pressure increases

64
Q

What happens to skin in ulceration?

A

Itchy, dry and inflamed

65
Q

Most common site of venous ulceration?

A

Gator area (distal left leg)

66
Q

Where do aterial ulcerations tend to affect?

A

The foot

67
Q

What can a thrombus occlude if it breaks away?

A
  • Small peripheral artery
  • Segmental artery
  • Lobar artery
  • Pulmonary artery (infarction of 1 complete lung)
  • Pulmonary trunk (saddle embolus, arrests circulation)

Dermatology Lectures (19 decks)

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