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Dermatology Lectures > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Upper limb divisions superior to inferior?

A 
Axilla 
Arm 
Elbow (cubital fossa)
Forearm 
Wrist 
Hand
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2
Q

Lower limb divisions superior to inferior?

A 
Inguinal region (groin)
Thigh
Knee (popliteal fossa)
Leg 
Ankle 
Foot
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3
Q

What is below the dermis?

A

Superficial fascia (sub cutaneous tissue)

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4
Q

What is superficial fascia made up of?

A

loose connective tissue and fat

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5
Q

What structures are found in the superficial fascia?

A

Superficial blood vessels
Cutaneous nerves
Lymphatics
Sweat glands

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6
Q

What lies deep to the superficial fascia?

A

Deep fascia

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7
Q

Where is deep fascia?

A

Covers most of the body

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8
Q

Texture of deep fascia?

A

Tough, sheet like, usually white glistening

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9
Q

What is deep fascia made up of

A

Dense connective tissue

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10
Q

Appearance of deep fascia?

A

White and glistening

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11
Q

How do you name the deep fascia?

A

Name it after where it is found in the body

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12
Q

Fascia in thigh is called?

A

Fascia lata

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13
Q

Fascia in leg?

A

Crural fascia

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14
Q

What does deep fascia form?

A

Inter-muscular septa

=compartments, help form musculovenous pump returning blood against gravity towards the heart

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15
Q

2 sets of veins within limbs?

A

Superficial veins

Deep veins

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16
Q

Superficial vein appearance?

A

Smaller

Thinner

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17
Q

What do superficial veins drain into?

A

Deep veins

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18
Q

Where do deep veins run?

A

Deep to the deep fascia

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19
Q

Appearance of deep veins?

A

Larger, thicker

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20
Q

What do deep veins often occur in?

A

Neurovascular bundles

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21
Q

Superficial veins are more predictable than deep veins. True or false?

A

FALSE

Deep veins are more predictable

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22
Q

Two main superficial veins in the upper limb?

A

Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

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23
Q

Journey of cephalic vein?

A
  • Arises from dorsal venous network travels up lateral aspect of limb
  • Superiorly travels through the deltopectoral groove
  • Pierces the deep fascia to drain into axillary vein->becomes sub-clavian vein
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24
Q

What does the axillary vein become?

A

Sub-clavian vein

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25
Journey of basilic vein?
- Arises from dorsal venous network - Travels up through the medial aspect of the limb - Pierces deep fascia and drains into brachial vein
26
What does the basilic vein drain into?
Brachial vein
27
What does the cephalic vein drain into?
Axillary vein
28
What is the connection between the cephalic and the basilic veins called? Where does it occur?
Median cubital vein | Cubital fossa
29
2 main superficial veins in the lower limb?
Great saphenous vein | Small saphenous vein
30
Where does the great saphenous vein arise from?
Dorsal venous arch
31
Journey of great saphenous vein?
Travels up the medial aspect of the limb from the dorsal venous arch and the drains into femoral vein
32
What does GSV run with?
Saphenous nerve
33
What does the great saphenous vein drain into?
Femoral vein in the region of the femoral triangle
34
What happens as the GSV travels proximally?
It gets bigger
35
What does the small saphenous vein arise from?
Dorsal venous arch - lateral aspect of arch
36
Journey of small saphenous vein?
Runs proximally up the posterior midline of the leg
37
What does the small saphenous vein drain into?
Popliteal vein (posterior to the knee)
38
What do radial and ulnar veins drain into?
Brachial vein and axillary
39
What does subclavian vein meet to turn into the brachiocephalic vein?
Internal jugular
40
What does brachiocephalic vein drain into?
Superior vena cava
41
What does common iliac vein drain into?
IVC towards the RA of the heart
42
How does blood normally flow?
From superficial veins into deep veins through perforating veins
43
What does musculovenous pump do?
Push blood back towards the heart
44
What do venous valaves ensure?
Ensure unidirectional blood flow against gravity
45
What do incompetent valves result in?
Reverse flow into superficial veins. Become weak and dilated and therefore = varicose veins
46
What is arterial venous pump system?
Veins benefit from the pulsation of the artery when enclosed within a vascular sheath
47
Name of veins that accompany deep arteries?
Vena Comitantes
48
What do lymphatics generally follow?
Veins
49
Superficial lymphatics of upper limb arise from and follow?
Plexuses in fingers and hands | -Follow cephalic and basilic veins
50
Deep lymphatics of upper limb follow?
Deep veins of upper limb
51
What do deep lymphatics of upper limb drain into?
Lateral axillary lymph nodes
52
What do all axillary lymph nodes drain to?
Sub clavian lymphatics
53
Superficial lymphatics of lower limb follow?
Saphenous veins
54
What do deep lymphatics of lower limb drain into?
Popliteal lymph nodes
55
What do external iliac lymph nodes drain into?
Common iliac nodes and enter lumbar lymphatics
56
Lower lymphatics journey?
Popliteal lymph nodes Deep inguinal lymph nodes External iliac nodes Common iliac lymph nodes
57
What is ischaemia?
Inadequate oxygenation of cells/organ due to an interruption to blood supply
58
Interruption of arterial blood supply could be caused by?
``` LV failure Arterial bleed (injury) Arterial rupture (aneurysm) Occlusion of lumen Arterial spasm -External compression of Blood supply ```
59
Increase in drainage pressure prevents?
Normal arterial inflow `
60
What can cause increased venous pressure?
DVT right or congestive HF External compression
61
What leads to thrombosis/embolilsm?
Immobility/venous valve failure Venous insufficiency (chronic) Deep venous stasis Thrombosis/embolism
62
What leads to skin ulceration?
Venous valve failure/immobility Chronic venous insufficiency Superficial microcirculatory deficiencies Skin ulceration
63
Venous ulceration is the result of?
Damages to blood supply in the skin and venous pressure increases
64
What happens to skin in ulceration?
Itchy, dry and inflamed
65
Most common site of venous ulceration?
Gator area (distal left leg)
66
Where do aterial ulcerations tend to affect?
The foot
67
What can a thrombus occlude if it breaks away?
- Small peripheral artery - Segmental artery - Lobar artery - Pulmonary artery (infarction of 1 complete lung) - Pulmonary trunk (saddle embolus, arrests circulation)

Dermatology Lectures (19 decks)

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