skin problems Flashcards
uticaria
hives
- remove triggering agent
- avoid alcohol, overexertion, and warm environments
phases of wound healing-3
- inflammatory
- proliferative
- maturation
inflammatory response-3
- 3-5 days
- vasoconstriction, clot formation, plasma leakage, WBC
- edema, pain, erythea, warmth
proliferative phase-7
- 4th day after, 2-4 wks
- fibrin scaffold
- mitotic fibroblasts stimulate collagen
- collagen and ground sub build scar tissue
- cappillary buds
- cap buds and collagen make granulation tissue
- epithelial cells grow over granulation
maturation phase-4
- 3wks to 1 yr
- collagen reorganized to increase tensile strength
- scar tissue thinner and paler
- mature scar firm and inelastic upon palpation
first intention
wound w/o tissue loss, approximated edges, closed wound eliminates dead space
second intention
deep tissue w dead space, requires gradual filling of dead space w connective tissue, not approximated
third intention
wound w high infection, left open for debridement/inflammation resolution before closing
partial thickness wounds
epidermis and upper dermis, re-epithelialation/resurfacing, 5-7 days
full thickness
lower dermis and subcut tissue, uses granulation and contraction
chronic wounds
may not show signs of infection
-increase in wound size or failure to decrease in size
inadequate nutrition labs-3
- prealbumin below 19.5
- albumin below 3.5
- lymphocyte count below 1800
hydrophobic
nonabsorbant/waterproof, wound w little drainage and needs protection
hydrophilic
absorbant material draws drainage away from ulcer surface- prevents maceration
dry gauze dressings
change w strike through
synthetic dressings
change when exudate causes the adhesive seal to break and leakage to occur
wet-to-damp
saline moisten gauze, necrosis is mechanically removed w less trauma to healing tissue
continuous wet gauze
promotes dilution of viscous exudate and softening of eschar
topical enzyme prep
proteolytic acts on thick adherant eschar causes breakdown of denatured protein and more rapid seperation of necrotic tissue
moisture-retentive dressing
spontaneous seperation of necrotic tissue is promoted by autolysis
continuous negative pressure contraindications-3
- anticoagulant tx
- decreased tissue health near wound
- any exposed blood vessels/nerves/organs
folliculitis
superficial infection involving only the upper portion of the follicule
-staphylococus
furuncles
boils deep in the follicule
herpetic whitlow
occurs on fingertips of helath care workers who contact viral secretions
posttherapeutic neuralgia
severe pain that persists after shingles
dermatonal ditribution
grouped lesions that follow cranial or spinal nerve
dermatophytosis
fungal infection w annular or serpiginous patches
cutaneous anthrax
infected animal, painless and eschar forms reguardless of tx
pediculosis
lice
scabies
mite infestation
atopic dermatitis
lichenification w scaling and excoriation
drug eruption
begins on trunk and proceeds distally
*don’t apply corticosteroids to the face
psoriasis
chronic autoimmune d/o, overstimulation of immunne sys, cells shed every 4-5 days
actinic keratosis (premalignant)
small (1-10mm) macule or papule that may develop into squamous cell
squamous cell carcinoma
firm, nodular lesion w crust or central area of ulceration, fixated to underlying tissue
-rapid invasion w metastasis
basal cell carcinoma
pearly papule w center crater and rolled waxy borders
-metastasis rare
melanoma
irregular shaped pigmented papule or plaque, especially found w birthmarks and moles
- horizontal growth phase followed by vertical growth
- rapid invasion and metastasis with increased morbidity and mortality
vancomycin
never bolus, red man syndrome (histamine)
