eyes Flashcards
eye changes associated w vision-7
- Decreased eye muscle tone
- Ectropion and dry eye
- Arcus senilis
- Corneal changes- flattens/blurred vision-reg eye exams
- Changes in color of sclera
- Less ability to dilate pupil
- More light needed for reading
age related functional changes-6
- Yellowing of lens
- Accommodation gradually lost
- Presbyopia
- Far point decreases
- Color perception decreases
- IOP increases
4 eye functions that provide clear images and function
- refraction
- pupillary constriction
- accomodation
- convergencce
4 refractive structures and media
- cornea
- aqueous humor
- lens
- vitreous humor
emmetropia
the perfect refraction of the eye in wh light rays from a distant source are focused into a sharp image on the retina
hyperopia
far-sighted, eye does not refract light enough
-convex lens
myopia
nearsighted, eye overbends the light and images converge in front of retina
-biconcave lens
astigmatism
refractive error caused by unevenly curved surfaces of the eye
miosis
pupillary constriction
mydriasis
pupillary dilation
accomodation
the process of maintaining clear vision when shifting from near to far
convergence
the ability to turn both eyes inward
ectropian
lower eyelid relaxes and falls away from the eye
arcus senilis
an opaque, blue/white ring on outer edge of cornea caused by fat deposits
presobyopia
near objects must be placed farther away to be seen clearly
eye safety-4
- use glasses that filter UV light when outside
- avoid rubbing eyes
- wash hands before touching eye/lid
- protective glasses to prevent injury
eye assessment pt hx-6
- any problems w ADLs
- age
- gender (male-retinal detachment) (female-dry eye syn)
- occupational and lesiure act
- systemic health prob
- medications
exophthalmos/proptosis
protrusion of eye
ptosis
drooping
aniscoria
noticeable difference in size of pupil
visual acuity testing
snellen eye chart-distance and near vision
nystagmus
involuntary and rapid twitching of eye- normal for far lateral gaze
tonometry
tests intraocular pressure
systemic conditions affecting eye and vision
DM, HTN, lupus, thyroid, cardiac disease
explain 20/50 vision
the pt sees at 20 ft from the chart what a what a healthy eye sees at 50 ft.
increased intraocular pressure
glaucoma- starts in periphery and moves inward-painless-light halos
primary open-angle glaucoma
most common, effects both eyes, no early manifestations
teach- drops on time/no missed, wait 5 min before next dose, wash hands/keep tip clean/don’t touch eye,
punctual occlusion immediately after
beta-andrenergic blockers rn implications-3
- hy of asthema, COPD-constricts smooth muscle
- DM check blood sugar more- induce hypoglycemia and mask symptoms
- pulse x2/day HCP if below 58- similar to beta blockers
cholinergic agonists rn implications-2
- no extra drops, report drooling HCP
2. use good light when reading, dark rooms- pupil will not open more to let in light
pt after cataract surgery-3
- abx and steroid ointment
- wear dark glasses/ instill drops on schedule
- mild itching and redness normal
act the increase IOP-7
- bending from waist
- lifting more than 10lbs.
- sneezing/coughing/blowing nose
- straining on BM
- sex
- keeping head in dependant position
- wearing tight collars
