renal 2 Flashcards
urethritis
men-STD
women- estrogen depletion (after menopause)
urethral stricture
surgical treatment by urethroplasty-> best chance for long term cure
- obstructions
- possible cause STD complications
urolithiasis
diagnosed w KUB
-high incidence of repeat stone in 5 yrs
cystitis-4
- bladder inflammation
- lower UTI
- can have cystitis without bladder infection
- bacteria or reflux
cystitis symptoms-5
- frequent urge to urinate
- dysuria
- urgency
- urinalysis needed if testing for leukocyte esterase
- organism type confirmed by culture
prevent UTI-5
- shower rather than bathe
- clean from front to back
- drink fluids daily
- void q 2-3 hrs
- void before/after sex
pyelonephritis
upper UTI
stress incontinence interventions-4
journaling, behavioral interventions, diet modifications, pelvic floor exercises
urge incontinence interventions-3
anticholinergics/antihistamines, avoid caffiene/alcohol, exercises/bladder training/ habit trainig/ electrical stimulation
functional incontinence
lower tract function intact but other factors (cognitive impairment) are not
functional incontinence interventions-5
- treatment of reversible causes
- urinary habit training
- final strategy: containment of urine (protect skin)
- applied devices
- cath
goals of management for urolithiasis-5
- eradicate the stone
- determine stone type
- prevent nephron destruction
- control infection
- relieve obstruction and pain
lithotripsy-2
- conscious sedation
2. continuous ECG
stone prevention-nutrition-4
low sodium, low calcium, fluids, avoid oxolate containing foods (spinach and strawberries)
urothelial cancer-3
- most common caucasion men
- bladder + prostate most malignant
- painless hematuria
urothelial cancer risk factors-6
smoking, exposure to environmental carcinogens, recurrent UTI, bladder stones, high cholesterol, pelvis radiation therapy
polycystic kidney disease types
- dominant-not until 30yo
- recessive- cysts from birth
polycystic kidney disease symptoms-7
abdo/flank pain, HTN, nocturia, increased abdo girth, constipation, bloody/cloudy urine, kid stones
polycystic kidney disease interventions-4
acute/chronic pain, constipation, HTN and renal failure
hydronephrosis
obstruction in the upper part of the ureter
Hydroureter
obstruction in the lower part of the ureter
pyelonephritis
- bacterial infection in kidney and renal pelvis
- culture in 2 weeks after antibiotics
pyelonephritis symptoms-9
fever/chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, flank/back/loin pain, abdo discomfort, N V, urgency/frequency/nocturia, general malaise/fatigue, recent cystitis
chronic pyelonephritis key features-4
HTN, inability to conserve sodium, decreased ability to concentrate urine, development of hyperkalemia and acidosis
pyelonephritis types
- acute- tissue inflammation, necrosis, abcess
2. chronic- reflux from infected urine, reflex from in kid when papillae don’t close properly
calcium oxolate stone diet
avoid oxolat sources- spinach, black tea, rhubarb
calcium phosphate stone diet
limit high animal protein (no more than 2 a day), reduce calcium and sodium intake
acute glomerulonephritis-4
- post infection w Group A strep
- recent upper respiratory tract infection
- lupus
- fluid overload-> restrict protein and sodium
acute glomerulonephritis diagnosis-4
- change in urine (cola)
- urinalysis- protein, hematuria
- *early morning specimen
- draw titers
