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BVM3 Skin > Skin Pathology > Flashcards

Skin Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary lesion of FMD?

A

Vesicle

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2
Q

What is the KEY to dermatological diagnosis?

A

Recognition of skin lesions and their significance, plus the history of the patient

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3
Q

What is a primary vs secondary lesion?

A

Primary lesions - develop as a direct consequence of the disease process
Secondary lesions - evolve from primary lesion or are caused by the patient (self trauma)

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4
Q

How does self-trauma affect primary lesions?

A

In veterinary species, self-trauma may obscure primary lesions

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5
Q

Define inflammation

A

Response of living tissue to injury

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6
Q

What is this? Which prostaglandin is formed in response to these injections?

A

Wheals at injection sites (dog) - intradermal test
IgE formed as a result of injecting allergen into the skin

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7
Q

Define “wheal”

A

discrete focus of dermal edema

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8
Q

What is the name for a more extensive wheal?

A

Angioedema (affects whole body region)

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9
Q

What should you NOT do to the tissue when performing skin biopsy? Why?

A

Do not surgically prepare the site
- may remove diagnostic features
Do not crush the sample

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10
Q

In what situations SHOULD you surgically prepare a site prior to skin biopsy?

A

Tissue culture of nodules

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11
Q

What type of solution should you put the tissue in after biopsy? What is the required volume of the solution?

A

10% neutral buffered formalin IMMEDIATELY
>20x specimen volume

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12
Q

What is this?

A

Skin biopsy (punch biopsy)

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13
Q

What size punch biopsy should you use for footpads/nasal planum vs. large lesions? What is the “routine” size for punch?

A

Routine - 6 or 8 mm punch
Footpads/Nasal planum - 4 mm
Large lesions - 8 mm

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14
Q

Which of these skin biopsy methods is proper procedure for processing the sample?

A

If you want a margin you need to make eliptical excision so the pathologist knows they need to cut on the long axis
If you are taking a punch you need to fill the specimen with the lesion so the pathologist does not mistakenly cut into “normal” tissue (bottom example)

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15
Q

In which cases should you use excisional biopsies? Why does a punch biopsy not work in these cases?

A

Lesions of the panniculus (punch biopsy doesn’t go deep enough)
Vesicle/Bullae (need to keep intact)
Larger lesions (Ex. nodules)

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16
Q

What is the correct 4 part approach to performing biopsy?

A

Careful selection of > (or equal) 1 lesion
Suitable surgical removal/handling
Proper fixation/preparation
Accurate histological diagnosis

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17
Q

When should you biopsy skin? What should you remove before performing biopsy? What horse condition should you not biopsy?

A

Depends on owner’s wishes
Clinical presentation
Remove infection/infestation first?
(not appropriate in these cases):
- Bacteria, Malassezia (yeast), fleas
Suspect neoplasia (except sarcoids)
Persistent ulceration
Unusual/severe signs
No response to rational therapy (initial therapies not working)
No diagnosis from methodical investigation
Diseases only confirmed by histopathology

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18
Q

What is happening in this case? What is the treatment?

A

Cytotoxic event destroying ear follicles
Needs steroids - Cyclosporin used (targets lymphocyte function)

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19
Q

What should pathologist do if clinical picture is different from histological one?

A

Consult directly with the clinician

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20
Q

What are the 5 different patterns of inflammation in skin disease?

A
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21
Q

Why is epidermis thicker on the snout/paw pads?

A
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22
Q

What is the difference between hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia?

A
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23
Q

What is a possible reason for a thickened stratum corneum?

A
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24
Q

What is the FIRST thing you should check for if you see an excess buildup of keratinous debris around the hair shaft (follicular cast)?

A

Demodicosis (demodex)

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25
Q

Define “scale”

A
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26
Q

Define “comedo”

A
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27
Q

What is this condition?

A
28
Q

What is this?

A
29
Q

What is the “stereotypic” or classical reaction of perivascular dermatitis?

A

Prominence of dermal blood vessels
Leukocytes “recruited” (gather around blood vessels)
Usually with epidermal hyperplasia

30
Q

How can you FURTHER characterize perivascular dermatitis?

A

Superficial or deep
Predominant cell types

31
Q

What is the common pattern in red, itchy skin? What are the top differentials?

A

Hyperplastic, Superficial perivascular dermatitis
DDx: allergy, parasites, infection

32
Q

Define “papule”

A
33
Q

define “plaque”

A
33
Q

define pustule? How does this differ from abscess?

A
34
Q

Label this intraepidermal neutrophilic pustule

A
35
Q

What is this?

A
36
Q

What are the 2 different types of intraepidermal pustular dermatitis (dominating cell type)?

A

Neutrophilic
Eosinophilic

37
Q

What are the skin conditions that lead to neutrophilic dermatitis?

A

PYODERMA
Sterile diseases - Ex. pemphigus

38
Q

What are the skin conditions that lead to eosinophilic pustular dermatitis?

A

Ectoparasitic infestation
Hypersensitivity

39
Q

What is this lesion? What does this evolve from and what condition is it common in?

A
40
Q

What is the most common cause of expanding ring-like lesions and what is it usually mistaken for? What is the “rule”?

A

Staph infection most common cause
Usually mistaken for ringworm
If it looks like ringworm, its probably staph

41
Q

What is this condition and what do the blue and red lines represent?

A

Erosion (red) - break in continuity of the epidermis
Basement membrane remains intact (blue)

42
Q

What is this condition and what do the blue and red lines represent?

A
43
Q

What is this condition and what is it caused by in this case?

A

Cutaneous lymphoma –> Deep ulcer

44
Q

What is a “Nikolsky sign” and what is the cause?

A

Nikolsky sign = ulceration
Epidermis can be peeled from underlying dermis, indicating poor dermo-epidermal cohesion, in this case due to an interface dermatitis caused by adverse drug reaction (to TMPS in this case)

45
Q

What is the difference between folliculitis and furunculosis?

A
46
Q

What is the difference between perifolliculitis, luminal folliculitis and mural folliculitis?

A

Perifolliculitis - accumulation of inflammatory cells around hair follicles (if mixed with bacteria, parasites or fungi infiltrate is typically suppurative)
Mural folliculitis - exocytosis of inflammatory cells through the follicular epithelium
Luminal folliculitis - accumulation of inflammatory cells within the follicular lumen

47
Q

What conditions is folliculitis usually associated with in dogs?

A

pyoderma, dermatophytosis or demodicosis

48
Q

What condition is this?

A

Furunculosis

49
Q

What condition is this?

A
50
Q

What condition is associated with GSD’s and perianal fistulae?

A

IBD

51
Q

What kind of lesion is this?

A

Perianal fistulae

52
Q

What kind of lesion is this?

A

Deep pyoderma

53
Q

What are 2 types of alopecia that are associated with hair cycle arrest?

A
54
Q

What is this change in coat color on this doberman an example of?

A
55
Q

What are the 4 cycles of hair growth?

A

Anagen - hair growth phase
Catagen - regression phase
Telogen - arrest phase
Exogen - release of hair shaft

56
Q

In what phase are these hair follicles in? What kind of alopecia is this an example of?

A
57
Q

Define “crust” - What could have previously occurred at this site to cause crust to form?

A
58
Q

What is this?

A
59
Q

Why is it important to NOT scrub the sampling site of a patient with crusts on the surface of their skin lesion?

A

The crusts are the site that you need to sample that will contain the pathogen you are looking for
Scrubbing will take that all away
Need to tell nurses not to scrub these sites, just leave it and sample

60
Q

What is this condition? What is the primary lesion? How does this lesion evolve? What does the red arrow represent?

A

Canine pemphigus foliaceus complex
Primary lesion is a pustule
This evolves and CRUSTING tends to dominate the clnical presentation
Some crusts are like individual “studs” representing the original pustular eruption (red arrow)

61
Q

Label this pemphigus foliaceous crust

A
62
Q

Define “panniculitis” - what can cause panniculitis?

A

Inflammation of SQ fat and connective tissue
Can be caused by foreign body reaction, idiopathic sterile process, systemic or traumatically implanted infection, nutritional

63
Q

What is this condition? How does it occur? What type of material does process condition exude?

A
64
Q

What are the cells in the red circle? In which tissue are these cells found? In what country is this found?

A
65
Q

Skin lesions are manifestations of the body’s response to WHAT?

A

Noxious insult

BVM3 Skin (5 decks)

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