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Ectoparasite Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What species of flea is this?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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2
Q

What condition is this?

A

Flea Allergy Dermatitis

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3
Q

What is this?

A

Ticks

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4
Q

What is happening in this image? What is the cause?

A

Patient is very itchy due to sarcoptic mange (scabies)

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5
Q

What is this condition? How can you tell?

A

Blue-tinge to the skin irritation

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6
Q

What is this condition? What stage?

A

Sarcoptic mange - late stage

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7
Q

What is the difference between treating class Insecta vs. class arachnida? Which parasites fall under these two categories?

A

Must treat insects with insecticides vs arachnids with arachnicides?
Insecticies - Diptera (flies), Siphanaptera (fleas), Phthiraptera (lice)
Arachnids - Acarina (ticks and mites)

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8
Q

What is cheyletiellosis? Is it zoonotic? What should it be treated by?

A

Truncal scaling caused by mite infection
Common zoonosis
Needs acaricide

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9
Q

What should you be aware of when choosing a product for parasite treatment?

A

Beware of spectrum of the product

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10
Q

What are the properties of ecto-parasiticides that you need to be aware of?

A

Efficacy
Some are broad spectrum
Ease of use (oral, topical, etc)
Persistence
Safety

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11
Q

How many ectoparasites can one product target? What are these products called?

A

Combination products
Able to target fleas +/- mites +/- helminths +/- ticks with single molecule

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12
Q

What are the ecto-parasite products? Which of these are “isoxazolines”? Which of these products are available on the market now?

A
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13
Q

What are the dosing methods available for using insecticides?

A

Aerosol sprays/dips/collars
Spot-on
Oral
Return of collar

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14
Q

What is the goal (in terms of speed of kill) of newer ectoparasiticides in flea allergy?

A

Limit allergen exposure (flea bite exposure)

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15
Q

What is the goal (in terms of speed of kill) of newer ectoparasiticides for ticks?

A

Reduce risk of vector-borne infection

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16
Q

What is the most common species of flea (both dogs and cats)

A

C. felis

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17
Q

Describe the life cycle of the flea. What % of the time does the flea spend in the environment?

A
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18
Q

At what life stage do we want to kill the flea? Do any products do this?

A

Before it lays eggs - no products do this
Before it feeds - imidacloprid/fipronil do this for 3 weeks

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19
Q

Why is persistence important by adulticides?

A

Convenience/compliance (once monthly or every 3 month dosing, missed doses)
Host protected from ongoing environmental challenge (emerging adults from pupae)
Continue to kill flea before it lays eggs (existing products do this for ~3 weeks)

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20
Q

What are the lab requirements for parasite product registration? What is special about tick products?

A

Defined protocols
Active/control groups
Typically done with single flea strain reared by the contracted laboratory
*Tick data is SPECIES-SPECIFIC

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21
Q

Why is Capstar such an effective product against fleas? What is the active product? What is the downside? Does it work in both dogs and cats?

A

Very rapid flea kill, but no persistence
Capstar = Nitenpyram
Niche product for “knockdown” of heavily infested cats/dogs (clinic use) or prior to surgery

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22
Q

What type of medication is spinosad? What is the brand name? Is it still available on the market?

A

Tetracyclic macrolide - Comfortis = Spinosad
For dogs and cats
No longer available on the market

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23
Q

What are the properties of isoxazolines (and derivatives)?

A
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24
Q

What are the 4 common isoxazoline products available on the market?

A
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25
In what form is Bravecto available? What is the active ingredient in Bravecto? What is it labeled for? What species does it work for? What is the dosing schedule?
Chewable (dogs) + spot-on (cats and dogs) Fluralaner = Bravecto Fleas/Ticks, Demodex/Sarcoptes Give 1 dose every 3 months
26
What are the 2 processes by which insecticide resistance can occur?
1. Detoxification 2. Target site modification
27
What type of condition should you be careful with when prescribing Bravecto?
Seizures
27
What type of condition should you be careful with when prescribing Bravecto?
Seizures
28
How quickly does Fluralaner (Bravecto) achieve 100% activity against C. felis in dogs?
100% by 12 hrs (week 0) 100% by 8hrs (week 8)
29
How can absorption of Bravecto (Fluralaner) be improved?
Absorption is improved by feeding
30
What is Bravecto + Moxidecin (Bravecto Spot-on PLUS) good for?
Works against nematodes (GI parasite prevention)
31
In what form is Nexgard available? What is the active ingredient in Nexgard? What is it labeled for? What species does it work for? What is the dosing schedule?
Nexgard = Afoxalaner DOGS only Flea (5 weeks), Ticks (Ixodes, Demacentor, Rhipicephalus - 4 weeks) Demodex/Sarcoptes (2 doses) Give 1 dose monthly
32
What is Nexgard Spectra? What is the added ingredient and what does it protect against?
Afoxolaner + Milbemycin Protects against frelas + Ticks, but now also heartworm, roundworm, hookworm and whipworm with Milbemycin added in
33
Which medication Bravecto vs. Nexgard is more effective against C. felis?
Monthly Nexgard kills fleas faster than 3-month Bravecto dose for Ct. felis
34
Which flea medication prevents Brucella canis transmission by D. reticulatus (tick)
Nexgard (Afoxalaner)
35
What does nexgard spot-on cat "Combo" include in addition to afoxalaner? What does this work against?
36
In what form is Simparica available? What is the active ingredient in Simparica? What is it labeled for? What species does it work for?
Simparica = Sarolaner DOGS only Fleas/Ticks (5 weeks) Sarcoptes (2 doses, 1 month apart) Demodex (3 doses)
37
Which is a faster killer of fleas: Bravecto or Simparica?
Simparica (Sarolaner) faster flea (Ct. felis) killer than Fluralaner (Bravecto)
38
Which product should you choose for Demodex/Sarcoptes? Why?
Bravecto - kills with 1 dose
39
What are the added ingredients in Simparica TRIO? What does this protect against?
40
What are the added ingredients in Simparica TRIO? What does this protect against?
41
What is Credelio? Why is this a unique product for cats?
Credelio = Lotilaner Good for dogs/cats Only chewable tablet available for cats
42
What is Credelio+ PLUS? What ingredient is included in this? Which species is this medication for?
DOGS ONLY Lotilaner + Milbemycin (for nematodes/GI parasites)
43
What medication is Afoxolaner?
Nexgard AlfaXolaner (only med with an X) = Nexgard
44
What medication is Fluralaner?
Bravecto Fleur is Brave
45
What medication is Lotilaner?
Credelio Lotilaner = L
46
What medication is Sarolaner?
Simparica = both start with "S"
47
Which medication (cats) should you choose for an owner who doesn't want to use a topical?
Credelio - only chewable tablet available for cats, give once monthly
48
Which medication is best for cats with fleas/ticks/eat mites? What is the dosing schedule/method?
Fluralaner (Bravecto) Spot-on Q3 months
49
What is the best medication to give a cat who needs protection against fleas/ticks/ear mites and also intestinal nematodes?
Bravecto PLUS - Spot-on Fluralaner + Moxidectin Q3 months
50
What is the Seresto Collar? What is the active ingredient in Seresto collar? What is it labeled for? What species does it work for?
Seresto collar = imidacloprid/Flumethrin Fleas (7-8 months) + Ticks (8 months)
51
What is the activity/efficacy of seresto collar vs. frontline combo?
Seresto collar - slow onset, but longer persistence than frontline combo given every 30 days
52
What is special about the active ingredient Flumethrin found in the seresto collar?
Flumethrin is the one and ONLY pyrethride on the market that is safe to put anywhere near a cat All others are TOXIC
53
In what form is K9 Advantix available? What is the active ingredient in K9 Advantix? Why is this important to note in households with CATS?
Topical spot-on treatment K9 Advantix = Imidacloprid/Permethrin Very good against ticks Permethrin is NOT safe in cats
54
What are the 2 active ingredients in Stronhold Plus? What is the method of administration? What animal is this for?
New cat product - monthly use Salamectin (fleas, mites, roundworms) + Sarolaner (ticks, fleas, mites)
55
What are the 2 active ingredients in Advocate? What is the method of administration? What animal(s) is this used for?
Spot-on for dogs/cats (and ferrets) Moxidectin (Nematodes/Lungworm, Sarcoptex/Demodex) + Imidacloprid (Fleas)
56
Which oral flea product has the fastest speed of kill?
Capstar
57
Which of the Isoxazolines have the fastest speed of kill?
Simparica > Nexgard > Bravecto - All are good!
58
Which of the oral flea products (isoxazolines) have the longest persistence?
Bravecto
59
Which of the oral flea products have the shortest persistence?
Capstar
60
Which tick products have the fastest speed of kill? Which (Permethrin vs. Flumethrin) are safe for dogs vs. cats?
Pyrethroids Permethrin - Dog only Flumethrin - Safe for Cats
61
Which tick product(s) has the longest persistence?
Seresto collar > Bravecto > rest
62
What is the best tick product choice for dogs vs. cats?
Dog: Permethrin spot-on - K9 advantix Isoxazoline tablet Pyrethroid collar - Seresto, Scalibor Cat: Spot-on - Stronghold plus, Bravecto/Pravecto PLUS Pyrethroid Sereso collar Oral tablet - Credelio
63
What is this used for?
64
How does Lufenuron work to control flea populations in the environment? What type of medication is this? What part of the life cycle does it interrupt?
Insect growth regulator Monthly oral treatment or 6 month injection for cats Interrupts synthesis of chitin - flea cannot chisel out of the egg
65
Which conditions is parasite trial therapy useful for? Which medication should NEVER be used in cases of ongoing skin issues until a definitive diagnosis is reached?
Scabies Flea-related dermatitis Pyoderma Malassezia dermatitis NO STEROIDS
66
Which acaricidal products are used for Sarcoptes?
Selamectin - Stronghold, Revolution - 2 doses, 28d apart Imidacloprid/Moxidectin - Advocate - 2 doses, 28d apart Sarolaner (Simparica)/Alfaxolaner (Nexgard) - 2 doses, 28d apart Bravecto - SINGLE DOSE!
67
What is this?
Demodex on hair pluck
68
Which acaricidal products are used for demodicosis?
Licensed products - sarolaner/afoxolaner/fluralaner - Ease of use! Oral medications Imidacloprid/Moxidectin (Advocate) - only for mild cases Ivermectin/Milbemycin - non-licensed oral treatments
69
Which dogs should ivermectin not be used for? Why?
Not given to Collies - dangerous due to a specific genetic mutation (MDR1) that makes them less able to tolerate high doses of ivermectin

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