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BVM3 Skin > Ectoparasite Treatment > Flashcards

Ectoparasite Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What species of flea is this?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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2
Q

What condition is this?

A

Flea Allergy Dermatitis

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3
Q

What is this?

A

Ticks

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4
Q

What is happening in this image? What is the cause?

A

Patient is very itchy due to sarcoptic mange (scabies)

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5
Q

What is this condition? How can you tell?

A

Blue-tinge to the skin irritation

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6
Q

What is this condition? What stage?

A

Sarcoptic mange - late stage

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7
Q

What is the difference between treating class Insecta vs. class arachnida? Which parasites fall under these two categories?

A

Must treat insects with insecticides vs arachnids with arachnicides?
Insecticies - Diptera (flies), Siphanaptera (fleas), Phthiraptera (lice)
Arachnids - Acarina (ticks and mites)

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8
Q

What is cheyletiellosis? Is it zoonotic? What should it be treated by?

A

Truncal scaling caused by mite infection
Common zoonosis
Needs acaricide

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9
Q

What should you be aware of when choosing a product for parasite treatment?

A

Beware of spectrum of the product

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10
Q

What are the properties of ecto-parasiticides that you need to be aware of?

A

Efficacy
Some are broad spectrum
Ease of use (oral, topical, etc)
Persistence
Safety

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11
Q

How many ectoparasites can one product target? What are these products called?

A

Combination products
Able to target fleas +/- mites +/- helminths +/- ticks with single molecule

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12
Q

What are the ecto-parasite products? Which of these are “isoxazolines”? Which of these products are available on the market now?

A
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13
Q

What are the dosing methods available for using insecticides?

A

Aerosol sprays/dips/collars
Spot-on
Oral
Return of collar

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14
Q

What is the goal (in terms of speed of kill) of newer ectoparasiticides in flea allergy?

A

Limit allergen exposure (flea bite exposure)

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15
Q

What is the goal (in terms of speed of kill) of newer ectoparasiticides for ticks?

A

Reduce risk of vector-borne infection

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16
Q

What is the most common species of flea (both dogs and cats)

A

C. felis

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17
Q

Describe the life cycle of the flea. What % of the time does the flea spend in the environment?

A
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18
Q

At what life stage do we want to kill the flea? Do any products do this?

A

Before it lays eggs - no products do this
Before it feeds - imidacloprid/fipronil do this for 3 weeks

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19
Q

Why is persistence important by adulticides?

A

Convenience/compliance (once monthly or every 3 month dosing, missed doses)
Host protected from ongoing environmental challenge (emerging adults from pupae)
Continue to kill flea before it lays eggs (existing products do this for ~3 weeks)

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20
Q

What are the lab requirements for parasite product registration? What is special about tick products?

A

Defined protocols
Active/control groups
Typically done with single flea strain reared by the contracted laboratory
*Tick data is SPECIES-SPECIFIC

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21
Q

Why is Capstar such an effective product against fleas? What is the active product? What is the downside? Does it work in both dogs and cats?

A

Very rapid flea kill, but no persistence
Capstar = Nitenpyram
Niche product for “knockdown” of heavily infested cats/dogs (clinic use) or prior to surgery

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22
Q

What type of medication is spinosad? What is the brand name? Is it still available on the market?

A

Tetracyclic macrolide - Comfortis = Spinosad
For dogs and cats
No longer available on the market

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23
Q

What are the properties of isoxazolines (and derivatives)?

A
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24
Q

What are the 4 common isoxazoline products available on the market?

A
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25
Q

In what form is Bravecto available? What is the active ingredient in Bravecto? What is it labeled for? What species does it work for? What is the dosing schedule?

A

Chewable (dogs) + spot-on (cats and dogs)
Fluralaner = Bravecto
Fleas/Ticks, Demodex/Sarcoptes
Give 1 dose every 3 months

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26
Q

What are the 2 processes by which insecticide resistance can occur?

A
  1. Detoxification
  2. Target site modification
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27
Q

What type of condition should you be careful with when prescribing Bravecto?

A

Seizures

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27
Q

What type of condition should you be careful with when prescribing Bravecto?

A

Seizures

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28
Q

How quickly does Fluralaner (Bravecto) achieve 100% activity against C. felis in dogs?

A

100% by 12 hrs (week 0)
100% by 8hrs (week 8)

29
Q

How can absorption of Bravecto (Fluralaner) be improved?

A

Absorption is improved by feeding

30
Q

What is Bravecto + Moxidecin (Bravecto Spot-on PLUS) good for?

A

Works against nematodes (GI parasite prevention)

31
Q

In what form is Nexgard available? What is the active ingredient in Nexgard? What is it labeled for? What species does it work for? What is the dosing schedule?

A

Nexgard = Afoxalaner
DOGS only
Flea (5 weeks), Ticks (Ixodes, Demacentor, Rhipicephalus - 4 weeks)
Demodex/Sarcoptes (2 doses)
Give 1 dose monthly

32
Q

What is Nexgard Spectra? What is the added ingredient and what does it protect against?

A

Afoxolaner + Milbemycin
Protects against frelas + Ticks, but now also heartworm, roundworm, hookworm and whipworm with Milbemycin added in

33
Q

Which medication Bravecto vs. Nexgard is more effective against C. felis?

A

Monthly Nexgard kills fleas faster than 3-month Bravecto dose for Ct. felis

34
Q

Which flea medication prevents Brucella canis transmission by D. reticulatus (tick)

A

Nexgard (Afoxalaner)

35
Q

What does nexgard spot-on cat “Combo” include in addition to afoxalaner? What does this work against?

A
36
Q

In what form is Simparica available? What is the active ingredient in Simparica? What is it labeled for? What species does it work for?

A

Simparica = Sarolaner
DOGS only
Fleas/Ticks (5 weeks)
Sarcoptes (2 doses, 1 month apart)
Demodex (3 doses)

37
Q

Which is a faster killer of fleas: Bravecto or Simparica?

A

Simparica (Sarolaner) faster flea (Ct. felis) killer than Fluralaner (Bravecto)

38
Q

Which product should you choose for Demodex/Sarcoptes? Why?

A

Bravecto - kills with 1 dose

39
Q

What are the added ingredients in Simparica TRIO? What does this protect against?

A
40
Q

What are the added ingredients in Simparica TRIO? What does this protect against?

A
41
Q

What is Credelio? Why is this a unique product for cats?

A

Credelio = Lotilaner
Good for dogs/cats
Only chewable tablet available for cats

42
Q

What is Credelio+ PLUS? What ingredient is included in this? Which species is this medication for?

A

DOGS ONLY
Lotilaner + Milbemycin (for nematodes/GI parasites)

43
Q

What medication is Afoxolaner?

A

Nexgard
AlfaXolaner (only med with an X) = Nexgard

44
Q

What medication is Fluralaner?

A

Bravecto
Fleur is Brave

45
Q

What medication is Lotilaner?

A

Credelio
Lotilaner = L

46
Q

What medication is Sarolaner?

A

Simparica = both start with “S”

47
Q

Which medication (cats) should you choose for an owner who doesn’t want to use a topical?

A

Credelio - only chewable tablet available for cats, give once monthly

48
Q

Which medication is best for cats with fleas/ticks/eat mites? What is the dosing schedule/method?

A

Fluralaner (Bravecto) Spot-on Q3 months

49
Q

What is the best medication to give a cat who needs protection against fleas/ticks/ear mites and also intestinal nematodes?

A

Bravecto PLUS - Spot-on Fluralaner + Moxidectin Q3 months

50
Q

What is the Seresto Collar? What is the active ingredient in Seresto collar? What is it labeled for? What species does it work for?

A

Seresto collar = imidacloprid/Flumethrin
Fleas (7-8 months) + Ticks (8 months)

51
Q

What is the activity/efficacy of seresto collar vs. frontline combo?

A

Seresto collar - slow onset, but longer persistence than frontline combo given every 30 days

52
Q

What is special about the active ingredient Flumethrin found in the seresto collar?

A

Flumethrin is the one and ONLY pyrethride on the market that is safe to put anywhere near a cat
All others are TOXIC

53
Q

In what form is K9 Advantix available? What is the active ingredient in K9 Advantix? Why is this important to note in households with CATS?

A

Topical spot-on treatment
K9 Advantix = Imidacloprid/Permethrin
Very good against ticks
Permethrin is NOT safe in cats

54
Q

What are the 2 active ingredients in Stronhold Plus? What is the method of administration? What animal is this for?

A

New cat product - monthly use
Salamectin (fleas, mites, roundworms) + Sarolaner (ticks, fleas, mites)

55
Q

What are the 2 active ingredients in Advocate? What is the method of administration? What animal(s) is this used for?

A

Spot-on for dogs/cats (and ferrets)
Moxidectin (Nematodes/Lungworm, Sarcoptex/Demodex) +
Imidacloprid (Fleas)

56
Q

Which oral flea product has the fastest speed of kill?

A

Capstar

57
Q

Which of the Isoxazolines have the fastest speed of kill?

A

Simparica > Nexgard > Bravecto
- All are good!

58
Q

Which of the oral flea products (isoxazolines) have the longest persistence?

A

Bravecto

59
Q

Which of the oral flea products have the shortest persistence?

A

Capstar

60
Q

Which tick products have the fastest speed of kill? Which (Permethrin vs. Flumethrin) are safe for dogs vs. cats?

A

Pyrethroids
Permethrin - Dog only
Flumethrin - Safe for Cats

61
Q

Which tick product(s) has the longest persistence?

A

Seresto collar > Bravecto > rest

62
Q

What is the best tick product choice for dogs vs. cats?

A

Dog:
Permethrin spot-on - K9 advantix
Isoxazoline tablet
Pyrethroid collar - Seresto, Scalibor

Cat:
Spot-on - Stronghold plus, Bravecto/Pravecto PLUS
Pyrethroid Sereso collar
Oral tablet - Credelio

63
Q

What is this used for?

A
64
Q

How does Lufenuron work to control flea populations in the environment? What type of medication is this? What part of the life cycle does it interrupt?

A

Insect growth regulator
Monthly oral treatment or 6 month injection for cats
Interrupts synthesis of chitin - flea cannot chisel out of the egg

65
Q

Which conditions is parasite trial therapy useful for? Which medication should NEVER be used in cases of ongoing skin issues until a definitive diagnosis is reached?

A

Scabies
Flea-related dermatitis
Pyoderma
Malassezia dermatitis
NO STEROIDS

66
Q

Which acaricidal products are used for Sarcoptes?

A

Selamectin - Stronghold, Revolution - 2 doses, 28d apart
Imidacloprid/Moxidectin - Advocate - 2 doses, 28d apart
Sarolaner (Simparica)/Alfaxolaner (Nexgard) - 2 doses, 28d apart
Bravecto - SINGLE DOSE!

67
Q

What is this?

A

Demodex on hair pluck

68
Q

Which acaricidal products are used for demodicosis?

A

Licensed products - sarolaner/afoxolaner/fluralaner
- Ease of use! Oral medications
Imidacloprid/Moxidectin (Advocate) - only for mild cases
Ivermectin/Milbemycin - non-licensed oral treatments

69
Q

Which dogs should ivermectin not be used for? Why?

A

Not given to Collies - dangerous due to a specific genetic mutation (MDR1) that makes them less able to tolerate high doses of ivermectin

BVM3 Skin (5 decks)

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